Strontium

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Strontium
General Info
Atomic Symbol	Sr
Atomic Number	38
Atomic Weight	87.62 g/mol87.62 amu
Chemical series	Alkaline Earth Metal
Appearance	Silver
Group, Period, Block	2a, 5, s
Electron configuration	[Kr]5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 8, 2
CAS number	7440-24-6
Physical properties
Phase	Solid
Density	2.64 3 g/ml
Melting point	1050 K776.85 °C 1,430.33 °F 1,890 °R
Boiling point	1655 K1,381.85 °C 2,519.33 °F 2,979 °R
Isotopes of Strontium
iso NA half-life DT DE (MeV) DP 75Sr trace 150 nsec EC 7.02 75Rb/74Kr 76Sr trace 8.9 sec EC 6.1 76Rb 77Sr trace 9 sec EC 6.85 77Rb/76Kr 78Sr trace 2.5 min EC 3.762 78Rb 79Sr trace 2.25 min EC 5.318 79Rb 80Sr trace 106.3 min EC 1.868 80Rb 81Sr trace 22.3 min EC 3.93 81Rb 82Sr trace 25.55 da EC 4.469 82Rb 83Sr trace 32.41 hr EC 12.276 83Rb 84Sr 0.56% is stable with 46 neutrons. 85Sr trace 64.84 da EC 1.065 85Rb 85aSr trace 67.63 min EC 1.304 85Rb 86Sr 9.86% is stable with 48 neutrons. 87Sr 7% is stable with 49 neutrons. 88Sr 82.58% is stable with 50 neutrons. 89Sr trace 50.53 da β⁻ 1.495 89Y 90Sr trace 28.78 yr β⁻ 6.697 90Y 91Sr trace 9.63 hr β⁻ 2.699 91Y 92Sr trace 2.71 hr β⁻ 1.911 92Y 93Sr trace 7.423 min β⁻ 4.137 93Y 94Sr trace 75.3 sec β⁻ 3.511 94Y 95Sr trace 23.9 sec β⁻ 6.08 95Y 96Sr trace 1.07 sec β⁻ 5.371 96Y 97Sr trace 429 msec β⁻ 7.467 96Y/97Y 98Sr trace 0.653 sec β⁻ 5.826 97Y/98Y 99Sr trace 0.269 sec β⁻ 8.03 98Y/99Y 100Sr trace 202 msec β⁻ 7.08 99Y/100Y 101Sr trace 118 msec β⁻ 9.51 100Y/101Y 102Sr trace 69 msec β⁻ 8.82 101Y/102Y
All properties are for STP unless otherwise stated.

Introduction

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Properties

Strontium is a soft, easily cut element of a basic silver color. When exposed to air, it quickly develops a yellow oxide and spontaneously combusts. It also rapidly decomposes in water. Because of its high reactivity, strontium must be stored away from air or water, preferably under kerosene to prevent the formation of oxide. [1] Stronium occurs naturally as a combination of four stable isotopes. [2] Strontium also exhibits allotropy (Occuring in two or more forms in the same physical state) [3] with three crystalline solids. [4]

Occurrences

Description

Strontium is the 15th most abundant element in the earth’s crust at 0.0384% following barium and fluorine. It’s not found naturally isolated, but in mixtures and compounds. [5] Celesite (strontium sulfate) and strontianite (strontium carbonate) are the only two minerals that contain enough strontium to be used for mining purposes. Strontium is also present in 0.034% of all igneous rock. [6] The largest concentrations of celesite in the world are in Mexico, Spain, Turkey, and regions of Russia. Strontium occurrence in sea water is 0.1 mg/l , and is a primary source of strontium, containing billions of tons! Marine protozoa known as radiolarians have skeletons composed almost primarily of a strontium compound. The soil concentration of strontium is 0.035%, and various plants, such as legumes, accumulate strontium. It is estimated that there are 10 ⁹ tons of strontium in deposits all over the earth. [7] Strontium can only be isolated by melting and electrolyzing strontium chloride, which separates the compound into strontium and chlorine gas. [8]

Uses

Strontium is used in a variety of ways, especially because it has a high reactivity as an alkaline earth metal. The chief production of strontium is for making glass in the picture tubes of color television. It is also used to create magnets and refine zinc. A soft form of strontium, strontium titanate, has been used as a gemstone because its dispersion of light is greater than a diamond's. [9] Strontium salts are frequently used in pyrotechnics because they give off a crimson color. Other strontium "soaps" are used in the production of different axle-greases, and strontium-90, a radioactive and β-decay isotope, is used as an atomic power source. Strontium is also used in photocell and fluorescent dye production. Metallic strontium forms aid in the desoxydation of bronze and copper, and refines steels from phosphorus and sulfur. Strontium carbonate is found in porcelain enamels and weatherproof glazes, and other strontium compounds are used in corrosion- and rust-resistant pigments of varnishes and paints. [10]

Other

Description

References

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