Titanium is a chemical element which is included in the periodic table. Titanium’s symbol is Ti and its atomic number is 22 (Wilbraham, p162). It has a white-silvery-metallic color as well as it is light, sturdy, and shinning,[1]

Since titanium has great ability to stand in sea water and chlorine, it is usually used for making the equipments of ships, as well as titanium alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft, missiles, and armor plating because they also have the ability to resist reasonably high temperatures without crawling. Titanium is also used for making designer jewelry due to their great durability. Despite titanium is really strong metal like steel, it is light, this is also one of the reasons that people use it for making aircraft or ships. Important titanium-bearing ilmeite deposits is found in Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Ukraine, and Canada. In North America and South Africa, about 90,000 tons of metal and 4.3 million tons of titanium dioxide are extracted, and it is roughly calculated that there are more than 600 million tons of reserved titanium. [2]

1 Properties
2 Sources
3 Uses
4 Gallery
5 References
6 See Also

Properties

One of ways to recognize Titanium, which is metallic element, is its high strength-to-weight ratio.[3] Titanium has a low density, good strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. When Titanium is pure, it is shining, white, and the dioxide has an extraordinarily high index of refraction with an optical dispersion even higher than diamond.[4] Titanium metal is inactive physiologically. It is able to be ductile when it is free of oxygen.[5]Titanium metal burns in air and is the only element that burns in nitrogen. Titanium is impervious to be diluted from some substances such as chloride solutions, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric, most organic acids, and most chlorine gas. After bombardment with deuterium, natural titanium has been recorded to become very radioactive.[6] The emitted radiations generally consist of positrons and hard gamma rays. At about 880oC, the hexagonal alpha form varies to cubic beta form very slowly which amalgamates with oxygen at red heat as well as with chlorine at 550oC.[7]

Sources

Titanium exists in meteorites and the sun,[8] and it must be connected to other elements in nature. Titanium oxide bands are known as the most important things in the spectra of M-type stars.[9] Titanium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust (0.53% by mass) as well as one of the most abundant metals. Most igneous rocks and in sediments, and in living things and natural bodies of water are derived from Titanium. United States Geological broke down the 901 sorts of igneous rocks, 784 contained titanium. In soils, its proportion is measured at about 0.5 to 1.5%.[10]

Titanium typically appears and being scattered in the ilmenite, minerals rutile, minerals anatase, perovaskite, brookite, and sphene(titanite), also it is present in titanates as well as in many iron ores, in human body, in plants, and ash of coal. Rutile and ilmenite which are difficult to find in high concentrations and only have any economic significance among those minerals. In Norway, Ukraine, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia, important titanium-bearing ilmenite deposits can be found. 90,000 tons of metal and 4.3 million tons of titanium dioxide are dug up in South Africa and North America. It is estimated that there are more than 600 million tons of reserved titanium. [11]

Uses

Titanium is one of the most sturdy metals like steel, but it is 45% lighter than steel, as well as twice as strong as aluminum but only 60% heavier. For alloying agent with manganese, aluminum, molybdenum, and other metals, titanium is a really important metal. Generally, alloys of titanium are used for making aircraft and missiles because by using alloys of titanium, they become strong and can be stood even to the point of extreme temperature without heavy weight. Titanium is also used for converting sea water into fresh water;(desalination plants to non-desalination plants as well).

Since titanium metal has a great ability to endure in sea water, they are used for making parts of ships such as rigging, propeller shafts, and other parts.

Since titanium dioxide has good covering power which can be eternal when it is used for painting something, titanium dioxide is mostly used for house paint and artist's paint. Titanium oxide pigment amounts to the largest use of the element.[12]

Pigments, Additives and Coatings

For refinement into titanium dioxide, about 95% of titanium are extracted from the Earth. The white pigment is usually used in gemstones, cement, and a fortifying agent in graphite composite fishing rods and golf clubs. Also it is used in paints, plastics, paper, and toothpaste.

TiO2 powder is non-transparent, inactive, and endures dwindling in sunlight. This makes a bright and unmixed white color to the gray or brown chemicals which make the majority of household plastics.

In rutile, brookite, and minerals anatase, this compound can be found. Paint made with titanium dioxide resists in marine enrivorments, and is rather self-cleaning. Lately, It has been used for purifing air as well. [13]

Jewelry

Recently, it is really popular for designer since titanium has a great durability, jewelry until now because of the complicated shpaes, it was too hard to work with the precision necessary for fine jewelry. Nowadays, one of the most popular parts of the titanium in jewelry market is titanium rings for both engagement and wedding because the metal has the ability to be inlaid, grooved, and sculpted as well without losing strength. [14]

Gallery

	Caption8	Caption9	Caption11
Caption12	Caption17	Caption18	Caption19
Caption20

References

[15] by Wikipedia
[16] by key-to-metals
[17] by periodic
Prentice Hall Chemistry. by Antony C. Wilbraham, Dennis D. Staley, Michael S. Matta, Edward L. Waterman. 2008.

Titanium

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