Helioseismology
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Standard Solar Model.
The Standard Solar Model is the dominant model for the interior of the Sun and other stars. According to this model a star has a nuclear burning core that produces helium by means of deuterium fusion, at 15 million degrees K. This core goes out to about 25% of the sun's radius. It is modeled as physically isolated from the solar structure above it and heat is transferred from the core by radiation, a process that takes about a million years. This has never actually been observed.
Recently solar oscillations have produced a problem for the Standard Solar Model. Their normal period is about 5 minutes. According to the Standard Solar Model, the maximum possible period is about 1 hour, but the maximum period that has been observed is 2 hours and 40 minutes. The maximum period for a totally homogeneous sun is 2 hours and 47 minutes. Thus the observed period of 2 hours and 40 minutes of oscillation shows the sun's interior to be very homogeneous, that is that the core and surface have similar composition. This also means that the model on which stellar evolution theory is based does not apply to the sun. It may not apply other stars as well.
It also means that the nuclear burning core produces deuterium from hydrogen fusion at 5 million degrees K. The heat is transferred from the core by convection currents so it could reach surface in days, not a million years. It also leads to an age for the sun based on the deuterium/hydrogen ratio of the local interstellar medium of 6,000-12,857 years.
This model makes more efficient use of fuel and would age differently than the standard model. Its death would also be less violent. The death of such stars might account for so called protostars.
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