Coronatae
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Coronatae is an order of jellyfish known as the Crown Jellyfish which is one of the families of jellyfish. There are eight Crown jellyfish families (Atollidae, Atorelliidae, Collaspididae, Linuchidae, Nausithoidae, Paraphyllinidae, Periphyllidae, and Tetraplatidae).
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Anatomy
Crown Jellyfish have a cone shape swimming bell that is 20cm tall and 17cm in diameter, however zoolgical specimens from the ocean usually are less than 5cm in size. The swimming bell of specimens are transparent and reveals the reddish brown stomach. However, in large specimens, the swimming bell is cloudy or not clear and is a reddish brown color. The swimming bell has 16 deep notched lappets, in addition the tentacles appear from the bell surface, and they repeat the pattern of three tentacles and one rhopalium.[1] The crown jellyfish is found at depths below 900m, where the water temperature is really cool. Also, the Crown jellyfish undergoes straight up and down movement from deepwater in the daytime to water of small depth, so they could follow their prey, or catch the prey. They produce plentiful amounts of mucus which have capacity for stinging cells. [international wildlife encyclopedia; multiple author]
Reproduction
Fertilized eggs are released in deepwater, where they drift, not feeding for several months. Eggs and larvae are present all year in Lurefjorden, suggesting lack of seasonality in the relatively constant environment of the deep ocean. The larvae develop directly into medusae without a polyp or ephyra stages. After fertilization and initial growth, a larval form, called the planula, develops from the egg.[2] The planula is a small larva covered with cilia. It settles onto a firm surface and develops into a polyp. The polyp is cup-shaped with tentacles surrounding a single orifice, resembling a tiny sea anemone. After an interval of growth, the polyp begins reproducing asexually by budding. Most crown jellyfish have a lifespan of two and a half months; few live longer than six months. And about their breeding, their sexes separate, breeding season: summer; tiny planula larvae released and then settle, developing into colonies of polyps; each polyp buds off and develops into jellyfish. [international wildlife encyclopedia; multiple author]
Ecology
Crown Jellyfish mostly found at mesopelagic depths in all oceans worldwide, mostly in Pacific Ocean and Atlantic ocean. Further more, it mostly comes in the New Guineas or the ocean near by that. Populations are magnitude greater than they are in the open ocean have found in Norwegian fjords, especially Lurefijorden. They live in depths below 900m where the water temperature is 7 degree celsius. Moreover, Crown Jellyfish's diet, plankton up to 1/5inch in diameter, including diatoms, algae, invertebrate eggs, mollusk larvae and so on. In addition, their feeding ecology and diet, they hold their tentacles up alongside the bell. And then they swim downward about 10m and then drift upward. At that moment, the tentacles quickly move to the mouth, coil and then enter the stomach. And also Crown jellyfish are carnivorous, and many of them capture fish, shrimps and other animals on their tentacles. They paralyze the prey with their stinging cells and transfer it to the mouth. And also they have different ways of swimming, for example, crown jellyfish swim by rhythmic pulsations of the umbrella, or bell.[international wildlife encyclopedia; multiple author ] It is coordinated by a simple nervous system and by sense organs. [3]
Body structure
Their bodies are 95-99 percent jelly, and the whole body contains less than 5 percent organic matter. The stings of jellyfish come from the many stinging cells, nematocysts, which shoot out a venom-laden thread when touched. The most venomous jellyfish belong to the Cubomedusae, named for their squarish shape. And also, about their body part, the organs lie in pouches in the digestive cavity but show through the transparent bell. And from the base of each polyp, stolons, grow out and new polyps develop on them.[international wildlife encyclopedia; multiple author]
References
- Crown Jellyfish by multiple authors
- Picture for Crown Jellyfish by multiple authors
- [International Wildlife Encyclopedia Corporation ] Marshall Cavendish Corporation Main author: Ben Hoare and other multiple authors
- Picture for Crown Jellyfish by multiple authors
- Taxonomy of crown jellyfish by multiple authors
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