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[[Image:Rhoeo Discolor Plasmolysis.jpg|right|thumb|Epidermis cells of ''Rhoeo discolor'' after plasmolysis. The vacuoles have shrinked.]] | [[Image:Rhoeo Discolor Plasmolysis.jpg|right|thumb|Epidermis cells of ''Rhoeo discolor'' after plasmolysis. The vacuoles have shrinked.]] | ||
The '''vacuole''' is a large organelle found in [[prokaryotes]] and within the cytoplasm of [[eukaryotic cells]]. It frequently occupies the majority of the space inside [[plant]] cells where it typically exists as single transparent vesicle in mature [[cells]], but small in some meristematic cells. | The '''vacuole''' is a large organelle found in [[prokaryotes]] and within the cytoplasm of [[eukaryotic cells]]. It frequently occupies the majority of the space inside [[plant]] cells where it typically exists as single transparent vesicle in mature [[cells]], but small in some meristematic cells. | ||
Like most organelles, the vacuole is [[membrane]]-bound compartment, and may function in a variety of systems such as [[digestion]], secretion or excretion. In plants, it plays important roles in the storage of various products, by-products, nutrients and [[water]]. It is also used for sequestering unwanted debris, and toxic materials. In herbaceous [[plants]] it provides turgor pressure necessary for the structural support of soft tissues. Wilting in such plants is due to water loss within the vacuole. | Like most organelles, the vacuole is [[membrane]]-bound compartment, and may function in a variety of systems such as [[digestion]], secretion or excretion. In plants, it plays important roles in the storage of various products, by-products, nutrients and [[water]]. It is also used for sequestering unwanted debris, and toxic materials. In herbaceous [[plants]] it provides turgor pressure necessary for the structural support of soft tissues. Wilting in such plants is due to water loss within the vacuole. | ||
==Vacuole functions== | |||
===Storage=== | |||
Vacuoles serve as storage compartments for food, water, or other substances.<ref name=stansfield>{{cite book|author=Stansfield, William D.; Colomé, Jaime S.; Cano, Raúl J|title=Molecular and Cell Biology|location=New York|publisher=McGraw-Hill|page=4|isbn=0-07-139881-3}}</ref> | |||
===Contraction=== | |||
Protists, organisms without cell walls, that live in hypotonic media (freshwater species), as the ciliate Paramecium, have contractile vacuoles, which periodically excrete fluid.<ref name=sperelakis>{{cite book|editor=Sperelakis, Nicholas|author=Freedman, Jeffrey C|title=Cell Physiology Sourcebook:A Molecular Approach|location=San Diego, California|publisher=Academic Press|edition=3rd|chapter=4:Cell Membranes and Model Membranes|page=1044|isbn=0-12-656977-0}}</ref> | |||
===Pigmentation=== | |||
Vacuoles are often pigmented, and the spetacular colors of petals and fruit reflect the presence of compounds such as the purple anthocyanins in the vacuole.<ref name=Bolsover>{{cite book|author=Bolsover, Stephen R.; Hyams, Jeremy S.; Shephard, Elizabeth A.; White, Hugh A.; Wiedemann, Claudia G|title=Cell Biology|page=11|year=2004|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=0-471-26393-1}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
