Mutation: Difference between revisions

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495 bytes removed ,  16 April 2011
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What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependent mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/citation/160/3826/408 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] By Paul S. Moorhead, Martin M. Kaplan; Wistar Institute Symposium; ''Science'' Vol. 160. no. 3826, p. 408, 1967</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref>
What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependent mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/citation/160/3826/408 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] By Paul S. Moorhead, Martin M. Kaplan; Wistar Institute Symposium; ''Science'' Vol. 160. no. 3826, p. 408, 1967</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref>
===Protein folds===
{{cquote|Based on our experimental observations and on calculations we made using a published population model[3], we estimated that Darwin’s mechanism would need a truly staggering amount of time—a trillion trillion years or more—to accomplish the seemingly subtle change in enzyme function that we studied.<ref>[http://biologicinstitute.org/2011/04/16/when-theory-and-experiment-collide/ When Theory and Experiment Collide] By Douglas Axe. April 16th, 2011</ref>|}}


==Mutation load==
==Mutation load==
22,649

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