110,311
edits
Cadmium: Difference between revisions
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
Jump to navigationJump to search
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
{{isotope-u|<sup>116</sup>Cd|7.49%|2.9x10<sup>19</sup> y|ββ2ν|-|<sup>116</sup>Sn}} | {{isotope-u|<sup>116</sup>Cd|7.49%|2.9x10<sup>19</sup> y|ββ2ν|-|<sup>116</sup>Sn}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Cadmium''' is the 48th [[element]] in the [[periodic table]]. Extremely toxic, it is also fairly rare in [[nature]]. It occurs most often in [[compounds]] or [[isotopes]], and is rarely found in [[pure form]]. As it is so deadly, it has almost no use in the bodily functions of either [[humans]] or [[animals]]. Even so, humans have found ways of using cadmium to our advantage, despite its lethalness. | |||
Cadmium is the 48th [[element]] in the [[periodic table]]. Extremely toxic, it is also fairly rare in [[nature]]. It occurs most often in [[compounds]] or [[isotopes]], and is rarely found in [[pure form]]. As it is so deadly, it has almost no use in the bodily functions of either [[humans]] or [[animals]]. Even so, humans have found ways of using cadmium to our advantage, despite its lethalness. | |||
== Properties == | == Properties == | ||
| Line 40: | Line 39: | ||
[[File:Cadmium Smithsonite.jpg|150px|left|Cadmium Smithsonite]] | [[File:Cadmium Smithsonite.jpg|150px|left|Cadmium Smithsonite]] | ||
Cadmium is a fairly [[rare element]]. Its abundance in the [[lithosphere]] is approximately 0.5 parts per million in the [[earth's crust]]. No samples of cadmium have ever been found in large quantities, and there is no [[ore]] that is mined solely for recovering cadmium. [[Greenockite]] (cadmium sulfide) is the compound with the most significant traces of cadmium, and occurs chiefly as a yellow stain or coating on zinc sulfide. Nearly all major zinc deposits contain cadmium in varying amounts, with the concentrates containing a maximum of about 1%.<ref name=facts>[http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e04820.html Occurrences] Unknown author, fis.uc.pt, Accessed November 19th, 2010.</ref> | Cadmium is a fairly [[rare element]]. Its abundance in the [[lithosphere]] is approximately 0.5 parts per million in the [[earth's crust]]. No samples of cadmium have ever been found in large quantities, and there is no [[ore]] that is mined solely for recovering cadmium. [[Greenockite]] (cadmium sulfide) is the compound with the most significant traces of cadmium, and occurs chiefly as a yellow stain or coating on zinc sulfide. Nearly all major zinc deposits contain cadmium in varying amounts, with the concentrates containing a maximum of about 1%.<ref name=facts>[http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e04820.html Occurrences] Unknown author, fis.uc.pt, Accessed November 19th, 2010.</ref> | ||
== Uses == | == Uses == | ||
| Line 48: | Line 46: | ||
By far, it is most commonly used in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is used in the form of cadmium [[hydroxide]]. The batteries themselves are commonly used in the [[railroad]] and [[aircraft]] industries for starting the [[vehicles]], and also serve as emergency power for these. In addition, they are used in many common appliances such as cordless power tools, [[cell phones]], [[camcorders]], [[lap tops]], portable household appliances and some [[toys]]. These batteries are fairly cheap and well suited for high power applications. They generally last for a long time, and when compared to other types of batteries, work very well in extreme high and low temperatures.<ref name=Cadmium/> | By far, it is most commonly used in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is used in the form of cadmium [[hydroxide]]. The batteries themselves are commonly used in the [[railroad]] and [[aircraft]] industries for starting the [[vehicles]], and also serve as emergency power for these. In addition, they are used in many common appliances such as cordless power tools, [[cell phones]], [[camcorders]], [[lap tops]], portable household appliances and some [[toys]]. These batteries are fairly cheap and well suited for high power applications. They generally last for a long time, and when compared to other types of batteries, work very well in extreme high and low temperatures.<ref name=Cadmium/> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
[[File:Cadmium1.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Cadmium ball with a penny for size comparison]] | [[File:Cadmium1.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Cadmium ball with a penny for size comparison]] | ||
The word '''cadmium''' comes from the [[Latin]] word '''cadmia''' and the [[Greek]] word '''kadmeia''', which are words from some of the old [[languages]] used to describe [[calamine]] (zinc carbonite).<ref name=elemental>[http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele048.html Elements] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, It's Elemental, Accessed November 30th, 2010.</ref> | The word '''cadmium''' comes from the [[Latin]] word '''cadmia''' and the [[Greek]] word '''kadmeia''', which are words from some of the old [[languages]] used to describe [[calamine]] (zinc carbonite).<ref name=elemental>[http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele048.html Elements] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, It's Elemental, Accessed November 30th, 2010.</ref> | ||
A [[German]] [[chemist]] named Friedrich Strohmeyer discovered cadmium in 1817 while studying samples of calamine (ZnCO3). When the zinc carbonite was heated, Strohmeyer noticed that some samples of the calamine gave off a yellow color, while other samples did not. After further experimentation, Friedrich determined that the samples of calamine giving off color when heated contained trace amounts of a new element. The only [[mineral]] that contains any significant amounts of cadmium is greenockite (CdS), but it is not common enough to mine for any profit. Fortunately, small amounts of cadmium can be found in zinc ores, and most of the cadmium used today is gathered as a byproduct of mining and zinc refinement.<ref name=elemental/> | A [[German]] [[chemist]] named Friedrich Strohmeyer discovered cadmium in 1817 while studying samples of calamine (ZnCO3). When the zinc carbonite was heated, Strohmeyer noticed that some samples of the calamine gave off a yellow color, while other samples did not. After further experimentation, Friedrich determined that the samples of calamine giving off color when heated contained trace amounts of a new element. The only [[mineral]] that contains any significant amounts of cadmium is greenockite (CdS), but it is not common enough to mine for any profit. Fortunately, small amounts of cadmium can be found in zinc ores, and most of the cadmium used today is gathered as a byproduct of mining and zinc refinement.<ref name=elemental/> | ||
== Toxicity == | == Toxicity == | ||
| Line 73: | Line 67: | ||
'''Treatment'''<br /> | '''Treatment'''<br /> | ||
Cadmium poisoning is irreversible. The cadmium stays in the [[body system]] for an extremely long time, and is eventually slowly excreted along with [[metallothionein]]. [[Hemodialysis]] has been shown to be a somewhat effective method to get rid of cadmium that has not yet been absorbed from the bloodstream, and sometimes [[EDTA chelation]] can help speed up the procedure.<ref name=toxipedia/> | Cadmium poisoning is irreversible. The cadmium stays in the [[body system]] for an extremely long time, and is eventually slowly excreted along with [[metallothionein]]. [[Hemodialysis]] has been shown to be a somewhat effective method to get rid of cadmium that has not yet been absorbed from the bloodstream, and sometimes [[EDTA chelation]] can help speed up the procedure.<ref name=toxipedia/> | ||
== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
| Line 80: | Line 73: | ||
File:Cd_dendrite-02.jpg|Cadmium dendrite | File:Cd_dendrite-02.jpg|Cadmium dendrite | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{chemistry navbox}} | {{chemistry navbox}} | ||
