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First and foremost, mutations either beneficial, negative or neutral are rare instances. They happen on average about once in every 10 million duplications of the DNA molecule (10<sup>7</sup>, a one followed by 7 zeroes). The problem comes when following the evolutionary paradigm and ultimately having to rely on hundreds if not thousands of related mutations. | First and foremost, mutations either beneficial, negative or neutral are rare instances. They happen on average about once in every 10 million duplications of the DNA molecule (10<sup>7</sup>, a one followed by 7 zeroes). The problem comes when following the evolutionary paradigm and ultimately having to rely on hundreds if not thousands of related mutations. | ||
This is patently impossible as | This is patently impossible as [[biology]] and mathematics has shown us. Simply put the odds of getting two mutations that are related to one another is the product of their separate probabilities. If every 10<sup>7</sup> duplications of DNA a mutation occurs the equation would start to look like this; 10<sup>7</sup> x 10<sup>7</sup> or 10<sup>14</sup>. That is a one followed by 14 zeroes, or once every hundred trillion for just two related mutations. Mutations which are related or not would barely change finch beak sizes due to drought, or change the shape of a fly wing. | ||
What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependant mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-1909(196806)14%3A10%3CB638%3AMCTTNI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] (Wistar Institute Press, 1967)</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref> | What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependant mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-1909(196806)14%3A10%3CB638%3AMCTTNI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] (Wistar Institute Press, 1967)</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref> | ||
