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Creationism: Difference between revisions
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More detailed typology of creationism
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"Urizen as the Creator of the Material World" from Europe, A Prophecy. 1794.]] | "Urizen as the Creator of the Material World" from Europe, A Prophecy. 1794.]] | ||
[[Creationism]] is: | |||
* In the widest sense, [[universal creationism]], the doctrine or belief that the universe was created by God out of no pre-existent entity. It is thus opposed to all forms of [[pantheism]]. | |||
* Most commonly, [[biological creationism]], the doctrine or belief that the various species or kinds of living beings were created and so are not the product of a naturalistic process. The creator is usually identified as God, the creator of the universe. It is thus opposed to [[evolutionism]]. | |||
* In a restricted sense, [[human creationism]], the doctrine or belief that each human soul is created, notably by God. It is thus opposed to [[traducianism]]. | |||
[[Universal creationism]] is a fundamental tenet of the major monotheistic religions. [[Human creationism]] is also a tenet expressed or impled. Some form of [[biological creationism]] with the creator identified as God has traditionally been believed among adherents of the major monotheistic religions. Because of the acceptance of [[evolutionism]] among many intellectuals, [[biological creationism]] has lost influence. However, in recent decades a movement has arisen to defend creationism on theological, philosophical, and scientific grounds. This is commonly called simply [[creationism]]. | |||
== Types of creationism == | == Types of creationism == | ||
Various types of [[creationism]] may be distinguished based on the grounds and arguments employed. Thus there is religious or theological creationism, philosophical creationism, and scientific creationism. In practice, these types of [[creationism]] often overlap. However, scientific creationism, especially [[intelligent design]], employs scientific arguments and avoids religious or theological references. | |||
* [[Creationism|Religious Creationism]] is the belief that the universe and life on Earth were created by an almighty deity. The position has a deep rooted foundation in scripture, which is relied upon for insights regarding the history of the world. Within the creationism camp can be found [[young earth]] and [[old earth]] advocates. | * [[Creationism|Religious Creationism]] is the belief that the universe and life on Earth were created by an almighty deity. The position has a deep rooted foundation in scripture, which is relied upon for insights regarding the history of the world. Within the creationism camp can be found [[young earth]] and [[old earth]] advocates. | ||
**[[Biblical creationism]] based on the Bible | **[[Biblical creationism]] based on the Bible | ||
**[[Islamic creationism]] based on the Qur'an | **[[Islamic creationism]] based on the Qur'an | ||
* [[Creationism|Philosophical creationism]] is the defense of creationism on philosophical grounds. It is related to philosophical arguments for the existence of God and became part of [[natural theology]]. | |||
* [[Creationism|Scientific creationism]] is the defense of creationism on scientific grounds. While this arose before [[evolutionism]], for example with the [[scriptural geologists]], it is best known as arguments against [[evolution]] and for one or more scientific hypotheses or theories of [[biological creation]]. This includes [[young earth creationism]], [[old earth creationism]], and [[intelligent design]]. | |||
* [[Intelligent design]] (ID) infers that natural laws and chance alone are not adequate to explain all natural phenomena. It is not governed by religious doctrine, nor does it | * [[Intelligent design]] (ID) infers that natural laws and chance alone are not adequate to explain all natural phenomena. It is not governed by religious doctrine, nor does it make claims about who the creator was. ID uses no religious texts when forming theories about the history of the world. ID simply postulates that the universe possesses evidence that it was intelligently designed. | ||
**[[Restricted Intelligent Design]] seeks evidence of design by comparing it to human design. | **[[Restricted Intelligent Design]] seeks evidence of design by comparing it to human design. | ||
**[[General Intelligent Design]] states that every natural process is intelligently designed. | **[[General Intelligent Design]] states that every natural process is intelligently designed. | ||
