Mutation: Difference between revisions

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{{cquote|Despite all of the elaborate mechanisms that a cell employs to handle its DNA with the utmost care, a newborn human carries about 100 new mutations, originated in their parents, about 10 of which are deleterious. A mutation replacing just one of the more than three billion nucleotides in the human genome may lead to synthesis of a dysfunctional protein, and this can be inconsistent with life or cause a tragic disease. Several percent of even young people suffer from diseases that are caused, exclusively or primarily, by preexisting and new mutations in their genomes, including both a wide variety of genetically simple Mendelian diseases and diverse complex diseases such as birth anomalies, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Milder, but still substantial, negative effects of mutations are even more pervasive. As of now, we possess no means of reducing the rate at which mutations appear spontaneously. However, the recent flood of genomic data made possible by next-generation methods of DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to explore the impacts of deleterious mutations on humans with previously unattainable precision and begin to develop approaches to managing them.<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118952146 ''Crumbling Genome: The Impact of Deleterious Mutations on Humans''] by Alexey S. Kondrashov'' 23 May 2017}}
{{cquote|Despite all of the elaborate mechanisms that a cell employs to handle its DNA with the utmost care, a newborn human carries about 100 new mutations, originated in their parents, about 10 of which are deleterious. A mutation replacing just one of the more than three billion nucleotides in the human genome may lead to synthesis of a dysfunctional protein, and this can be inconsistent with life or cause a tragic disease. Several percent of even young people suffer from diseases that are caused, exclusively or primarily, by preexisting and new mutations in their genomes, including both a wide variety of genetically simple Mendelian diseases and diverse complex diseases such as birth anomalies, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Milder, but still substantial, negative effects of mutations are even more pervasive. As of now, we possess no means of reducing the rate at which mutations appear spontaneously. However, the recent flood of genomic data made possible by next-generation methods of DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to explore the impacts of deleterious mutations on humans with previously unattainable precision and begin to develop approaches to managing them.<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118952146 ''Crumbling Genome: The Impact of Deleterious Mutations on Humans''] by Alexey S. Kondrashov'' 23 May 2017}}
== References ==
<references/>
==External Links==
'''Creationist'''
* [http://www.evolutionnews.org/2011/09/richard_lenskis_long_term_evol051051.html Richard Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiments with E. coli and the Origin of New Biological Information] By Casey Luskin, September 21, 2011
* [http://www.nwcreation.net/articles/recombinationreview.html Genetic Variability by Design] by Chris Ashcraft. TJ 18(2) 2004.
* [http://www.icr.org/article/2602/ Fruit Flies in the Face of Macroevolution] by [[Frank Sherwin]], M.A.
* [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/genetics.asp Genetics Questions and Answers] by Answers in Genesis
* [http://www.pathlights.com/ce_encyclopedia/10mut13.htm# Goldschmidt's Monster Mechanism - Goldschmidt's desperate theory]
* [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/re2/chapter5.asp Argument: Some mutations are beneficial] Chapter 5 of [[Refuting Evolution 2]] by [[Jonathan Sarfati]], with Michael Matthews.
* [http://www.trueorigin.org/mutations01.asp Darwinism and the Deterioration of the Genome] by Jerry Bergman, Ph.D.
* [http://creationsafaris.com/crev1004.htm#darwin467 The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus] Comparison and study finding that "all significant interactions [mutations] were antagonistic."
* [http://www.evolutionnews.org/2011/07/post_24048131.html Less Mutations Means More Time] Evolution News & Views July 6, 2011
* [http://www.uncommondescent.com/news/video-what-are-the-limits-of-darwinism-a-presentation-by-dr-michael-behe-at-the-university-of-toronto/ Video: What are the Limits of Darwinism? A Presentation by Dr. Michael Behe at the University of Toronto]
'''Secular'''
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110613012758.htm We Are All Mutants: First Direct Whole-Genome Measure of Human Mutation Predicts 60 New Mutations in Each of Us] By ScienceDaily (June 12, 2011)
* Burke, Dunham et al, [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v467/n7315/full/nature09352.html "Genome-wide analysis of a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila,] Nature 467, 587-590 (30 September 2010); doi:10.1038/nature09352.
* [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0404125101v1 The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus] Comparison and study finding that "all significant interactions [mutations] were antagonistic."
* [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-1909(196806)14%3A10%3CB638%3AMCTTNI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] (Wistar Institute Press, 1967)
* [http://scienceweek.com/2005/sa050107-4.htm Epistasis in RNA Viruses] Mutations, even those judged to be "beneficial," ''decrease'' fitness
* [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-04/cp-mim033007.php Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill]
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[[Category:Genetics]]
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