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Evidence for the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt: Difference between revisions
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Evidence for the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt (view source)
Revision as of 10:20, 10 December 2014
, 10 December 2014→What evidence is there that the Israelites lived in Egypt?
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==What evidence is there that the Israelites lived in Egypt?== | ==What evidence is there that the Israelites lived in Egypt?== | ||
After | The Bible says that the Israelites were enslaved by a pharaoh who knew not Joseph and were cruely treated and made to make mud bricks. | ||
If the Israelites just produced one mud brick per day per person this would be 200x365x2000000 = 146 billion mud bricks. That's a lot of mud bricks! | |||
The 'signature' or 'legacy' of Israelites the was, therefore, 'lots of Mud Bricks' that contained straw. | |||
Where can we find this many mud bricks? The answer is 'the pyramids of the 12th dynasty each contain millions of mud bricks'. There were seven such pyramids built over a 200 year period. Another 12th dynasty structure, considered to be one of the great wonders of the world, called the Labyrinth also contained millions of mud bricks produced with slave labor. | |||
The Israelites were in Egypt for 430years. Under the protection of the vizier Joseph-Imhotep, they multiplied rapidly and became numerous during dynasties 4-6. The 11th dynasty in Upper Egypt also ran concurrently with the sixth dynasty in Lower Egypt and the Hieraklopitan dynasties (9&10) in between. After the death of Joseph, a pharaoh emerged who neither knew or respected Joseph-Imhotep. This was [[Amenemhet I]]. He was the vizier of [[Mentuhotep IV]] of the 11th dynasty in Upper Egypt. [[Amenemhet I]] lead a rebellion against Mentuhotep IV and assassinated Mentuhotep IV. Amenemhet I started the 12th dynasty which was the main dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. | |||
The Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom were different to the Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (dynasties 3-6). They did not appreciate what Imhotep had done. They saw the Israelites as a threat and treated them like slaves. The pyramids of the 12th dynasty were made from mud bricks and then a limestone veneer was applied to the mud brick core. A large slave labor force was required to make the mud bricks for the 12th dynasty pyramids. Seven great pyramids were built during the 12th dynasty. The sixth pharaoh of the 12th dynasty built two pyramids and another structure called the Labyrinth. The Labyrinth was a mud brick structure that was regarded as one of the great wonders of the world in its time. | |||
As the Israelites had grown to number over 2 million by the time of the Exodus ({{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=38|verses=26}} {{Bible ref|book=Numbers|chap=1|verses=46}}), one would expect to find some evidence that this many Semitic slaves existed in Egypt. | As the Israelites had grown to number over 2 million by the time of the Exodus ({{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=38|verses=26}} {{Bible ref|book=Numbers|chap=1|verses=46}}), one would expect to find some evidence that this many Semitic slaves existed in Egypt. | ||
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[http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/texts/kahun/ Flinders Petrie] did find a workers village at [[Kahun]] in 1890. Scarabs found in the town indicate that it was occupied during the 12th dynasty from the reign of [[Sesostris II]] up until the reign of [[Neferhotep I]] of the 13th dynasty. Petrie also found tools used to make mud bricks. The town appeared to have been suddenly vacated in the 13th dynasty as so many tools and artifacts were left behind. However, these do not place the workers in the right time period. | [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/texts/kahun/ Flinders Petrie] did find a workers village at [[Kahun]] in 1890. Scarabs found in the town indicate that it was occupied during the 12th dynasty from the reign of [[Sesostris II]] up until the reign of [[Neferhotep I]] of the 13th dynasty. Petrie also found tools used to make mud bricks. The town appeared to have been suddenly vacated in the 13th dynasty as so many tools and artifacts were left behind. However, these do not place the workers in the right time period. | ||
The pyramids of the 12th dynasty and the labyrinth would have contained millions upon millions of mud bricks. While mud bricks were a common building material, the pyramids and the Labyrinth were exceptional in that they would have required a very large work force to produce the mud bricks, let a lone assemble them into a pyramid and face them with limestone (quite a feat in itself). | |||
[[File:DSC04562.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The exposed mudbricks in the core of the Amenemhet III pyramid at Hawara. The limestone veneer has fallen away exposing the core of mudbricks. It is over 3450 years old. It has been relatively well preserved because of the low rainfall in this part of Egypt.]] | [[File:DSC04562.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The exposed mudbricks in the core of the Amenemhet III pyramid at Hawara. The limestone veneer has fallen away exposing the core of mudbricks. It is over 3450 years old. It has been relatively well preserved because of the low rainfall in this part of Egypt.]] | ||
