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Louse: Difference between revisions
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* '''Infraclass:''' [[Neoptera]] | * '''Infraclass:''' [[Neoptera]] | ||
* '''Superorder:''' [[Psocodea]] | * '''Superorder:''' [[Psocodea]] | ||
* '''Order:''' [[Phthiraptera]]<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phthiraptera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified March 17 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | * '''Order:''' [[Phthiraptera]]<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phthiraptera Phthiraptera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified March 17 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
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* Suborder Amblycera<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Amblycera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified February 23 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | * Suborder Amblycera<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Amblycera Amblycera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified February 23 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
: * Boopiidae | : * Boopiidae | ||
: * Gyropidae | : * Gyropidae | ||
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: * Trimenoponidae | : * Trimenoponidae | ||
* Suborder Anoplura<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anoplura] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified October 17 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | * Suborder Anoplura<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anoplura Anoplura] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified October 17 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
: * Echinophthiriidae | : * Echinophthiriidae | ||
: * Enderleinellidae | : * Enderleinellidae | ||
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: * Ratemiidae | : * Ratemiidae | ||
* Suborder Ischnocera<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ischnocera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified December 2 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | * Suborder Ischnocera<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ischnocera Ischnocera] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified December 2 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
: *Goniodidae | : *Goniodidae | ||
: *Heptapsogasteridae | : *Heptapsogasteridae | ||
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: *Trichodectidae | : *Trichodectidae | ||
* Suborder Rhynchophthirina<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhynchophthirina] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified November 11 2012. Unknown Author.</ref> | * Suborder Rhynchophthirina<ref>[https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhynchophthirina Rhynchophthirina] ''Wikispecies''. Web. Modified November 11 2012. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
: * Haematomyzidae | : * Haematomyzidae | ||
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== Body Design == | == Body Design == | ||
[[File:Body design of louse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Ventral view of male louse]] | [[File:Body design of louse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Ventral view of male louse]] | ||
There are many different types of lice but they all have common body design. usually it's the size of a pinhead and it's oval shaped with 3 legs and claws each side of it's body.<ref>Brannon, Heather. [http://dermatology.about.com/cs/headlice/a/headlice.htm | There are many different types of lice but they all have common body design. usually it's the size of a pinhead and it's oval shaped with 3 legs and claws each side of it's body.<ref>Brannon, Heather. [http://dermatology.about.com/cs/headlice/a/headlice.htm Head lice] ''About.com.Dermatology''. Web. Last Updated April 09 2008 .</ref> | ||
All the adult lice have head, thorax, and abdomen. it's head has anterior piercing mouthpart with can pierce through the scalp or skin of it's prey.<ref>[http://teacherweb.com/CAD/EcoleStMaloSchool/EcoleStMaloSchool/HeadLice---Life-Cycle.pdf] ''Head Lice Life Cycle and Characteristics''. Web. Date of publication January 2008 . Unkown Author</ref> | All the adult lice have head, thorax, and abdomen. it's head has anterior piercing mouthpart with can pierce through the scalp or skin of it's prey.<ref>[http://teacherweb.com/CAD/EcoleStMaloSchool/EcoleStMaloSchool/HeadLice---Life-Cycle.pdf Head Lice] ''Head Lice Life Cycle and Characteristics''. Web. Date of publication January 2008 . Unkown Author</ref> | ||
Lice has a flat body which can help lice to stick to it's prey's feather or hair. The color of lice is depends on it's prey's body color. which means animals with white hair can only have white lice and animals that has black hair, they will have almost black lice. | Lice has a flat body which can help lice to stick to it's prey's feather or hair. The color of lice is depends on it's prey's body color. which means animals with white hair can only have white lice and animals that has black hair, they will have almost black lice. | ||
The blood sucking lice has three stylets within it's head. It has small proboscis with the toothlike processes which is for holding the prey when it's sucking the blood out of it's prey but the other lice has little different mouthpart, for example, the elephant lice has different mandibles at the end of a long proboscis than the other lice. | The blood sucking lice has three stylets within it's head. It has small proboscis with the toothlike processes which is for holding the prey when it's sucking the blood out of it's prey but the other lice has little different mouthpart, for example, the elephant lice has different mandibles at the end of a long proboscis than the other lice. | ||
Lice uses antennae as clasping organ to hold female when they are mating. | Lice uses antennae as clasping organ to hold female when they are mating. | ||
Since female lice does not have defined ovipositor it has lobes at the end of it's abdomen with can be used when they are laying eggs in the specific area.<ref>Clay, Theresa. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349361/louse/39608/Ecology#toc39609] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated April 01 2010 .</ref> | Since female lice does not have defined ovipositor it has lobes at the end of it's abdomen with can be used when they are laying eggs in the specific area.<ref>Clay, Theresa. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349361/louse/39608/Ecology#toc39609 Louse] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated April 01 2010 .</ref> | ||
== Life Cycle == | == Life Cycle == | ||
[[File:Life cycle of a lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Adult Stage of a male human head louse]] | [[File:Life cycle of a lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Adult Stage of a male human head louse]] | ||
Head louse has three stages egg,nymph, and adult. | Head louse has three stages egg,nymph, and adult. | ||
Head Louse's eggs is called Nits, they are often confused as a dandruff. you cannot wash the nits off of your hair. Female louse lay nits base of the hair, closest to the scalp. Nits are less than 1cm long and they take about a week to hatch. when the nits are hatched you can see nymph of a louse. In order to become adult they have to molt about three times but it only take 7 days for them to molt three times and become an adult. The adult louse has six legs and the color of the louse depends on a color of head that nits were hatched. Female louse is usually bigger than the male louse and female louse can lay 8 nits per day. <ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/biology.html] ''Center for Disease Control and Prevention''. Web. Last Updated September 24 2013 . Unknown Author.</ref> | Head Louse's eggs is called Nits, they are often confused as a dandruff. you cannot wash the nits off of your hair. Female louse lay nits base of the hair, closest to the scalp. Nits are less than 1cm long and they take about a week to hatch. when the nits are hatched you can see nymph of a louse. In order to become adult they have to molt about three times but it only take 7 days for them to molt three times and become an adult. The adult louse has six legs and the color of the louse depends on a color of head that nits were hatched. Female louse is usually bigger than the male louse and female louse can lay 8 nits per day. <ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/biology.html Head Lice] ''Center for Disease Control and Prevention''. Web. Last Updated September 24 2013 . Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
Nits have protective shells that can not be ruined by lice products. | Nits have protective shells that can not be ruined by lice products. | ||
Adults can live up to 30 days on it's prey but without blood it will die in i or 2 days. In order to survive it has to suck on blood several times a day.<ref>Ward, Adam.[http://www.airalle.com/lice-life-cycle/] ''AirAlle''. Web. Accessed January 14 2014 .</ref> | Adults can live up to 30 days on it's prey but without blood it will die in i or 2 days. In order to survive it has to suck on blood several times a day.<ref>Ward, Adam.[http://www.airalle.com/lice-life-cycle/ Life cycle of Head Lice] ''AirAlle''. Web. Accessed January 14 2014 .</ref> | ||
== Ecology == | == Ecology == | ||
[[File:Ecology of a lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Locations for Phthiraptera]] | [[File:Ecology of a lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Locations for Phthiraptera]] | ||
Head lice spread through direct contact, head to head also head lice can stick on to hats, coats, and brushes. <ref>Robert, Williams.[http://inhealth.cnn.com/quick-guide-to-head-lice/10-things-to-know-about-head-lice/] ''CNN Health''. Web. Last Updated June 07 2012.</ref> | Head lice spread through direct contact, head to head also head lice can stick on to hats, coats, and brushes. <ref>Robert, Williams.[http://inhealth.cnn.com/quick-guide-to-head-lice/10-things-to-know-about-head-lice/ Head Lice] ''CNN Health''. Web. Last Updated June 07 2012.</ref> | ||
Lice can reduce it's host's life expectancy also it can transfer microbial diseases lice sticking it's teeth in to it's prey. | Lice can reduce it's host's life expectancy also it can transfer microbial diseases lice sticking it's teeth in to it's prey. | ||
Scientists are using lice for study of contagious pathogens.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louse#Ecology] ''Wikipedia''. Web. Last Modified September 05 2013. Unkown Author.</ref> | Scientists are using lice for study of contagious pathogens.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louse#Ecology Louse Ecology] ''Wikipedia''. Web. Last Modified September 05 2013. Unkown Author.</ref> | ||
lice's mouth part is well adapted just for sucking blood off of it's prey. when it bite the prey it injects salivary secretion to prevent blood from become dense while it's feeding.the stylets goes back into it's head it's done with eating food. The feather- eating mallophaga can digest protein on it's feather(keratin).<ref>Clay, Theresa.[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349361/louse/39608/Ecology] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated April 01 2010.</ref> | lice's mouth part is well adapted just for sucking blood off of it's prey. when it bite the prey it injects salivary secretion to prevent blood from become dense while it's feeding.the stylets goes back into it's head it's done with eating food. The feather- eating mallophaga can digest protein on it's feather(keratin).<ref>Clay, Theresa.[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349361/louse/39608/Ecology Louse] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated April 01 2010.</ref> | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
[[File:Treatment for lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Lice sucking blood off of it's host]] | [[File:Treatment for lice.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Lice sucking blood off of it's host]] | ||
When you are infected by a lice all household members avoid contact with the infected. Apply the every treatment you can get from the pharmacy, doctors are recommending infected to use more than 2 different types of treatment.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/treatment.html] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated September 24 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | When you are infected by a lice all household members avoid contact with the infected. Apply the every treatment you can get from the pharmacy, doctors are recommending infected to use more than 2 different types of treatment.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/treatment.html Head Lice Treatment] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Web. Last Updated September 24 2013. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
there are many pesticide treatments that you can get from anywhere but it may not harm nits. other than using treatment you can use wet comb to comb your hair once a week or often and use hair dryer to dehydrate the lice and the nits.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_louse#Treatment] ''Wikipedia''. Web. Last Modified January 03 2014. Unknown Author.</ref> | there are many pesticide treatments that you can get from anywhere but it may not harm nits. other than using treatment you can use wet comb to comb your hair once a week or often and use hair dryer to dehydrate the lice and the nits.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_louse#Treatment Head Lice Treatment] ''Wikipedia''. Web. Last Modified January 03 2014. Unknown Author.</ref> | ||
== Video == | == Video == | ||
This is a common head louse. The video was taken with a USB microscope with the louse stuck to piece of clear tape to keep it from moving. | This is a common head louse. The video was taken with a USB microscope with the louse stuck to piece of clear tape to keep it from moving. | ||
{{#ev:youtube|tWFBLo-ySpw}} | {{#ev:youtube|tWFBLo-ySpw}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
