Butane: Difference between revisions

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Butane (view source)

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! {{chembox header}} | General
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| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| Butane
| ? <!-- e.g. Iron(II) chloride -->
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| Other names
| Other names
| n-butane
| ? <!-- e.g. Ferrous chloride etc, + linked mineral names -->
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| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
| ? <!-- e.g. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> -->
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| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]]
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] <!-- mostly for organic compounds, omit otherwise -->
| CCCC
| ?
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| [[Molar mass]]
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| [[Molar mass::58.12 g/mol]]
| [[Molar mass::? g/mol]]
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| Appearance
| Appearance
| Colorless gas
| ? <!-- e.g. pale yellow solid, [[hygroscopic]] -->
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| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [[CAS number::106-97-8]]
| [[CAS number::?]]
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! {{chembox header}} | Properties
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| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
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[[Density::2.48 kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] gas 15°C 1atm<br />
[[Density::600 kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] liquid 0°C 1atm
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| [[Solubility]] in [[water]]
| [[Solubility]] in [[water]]
| 6.1 mg/100 ml (20°C)
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) <!--  at least put miscible with, not soluble in -->
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<!-- | Other solvents e.g. [[ethanol]], [[acetone]] -->
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| [[Melting point]]
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| [[Melting point::138.4°C]]
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| [[Boiling point]]
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| [[Boiling point::-0.5°C]]
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| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''<sub>a</sub>) <!-- omit if not an acid or a base.  If several values, be clear -->
| ?
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| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''<sub>b</sub>) <!-- omit if not a base. If several values, be clear -->
| ?
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| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[&alpha;]</nowiki><sub>D</sub>]] <!-- (Only include this for chiral compounds, indicate direction/enantiomer combo if known) -->
| ?°
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| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C <!-- Liquids only, omit if data unavailable. You may use [[Pascal second|Pa.s]] if you prefer -->
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| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] <!-- for simple covalent molecules (omit for most large molecules, ionics and complexes) -->
| ? <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
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| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination<br />geometry]] <!-- for a metal complex or an ionic crystal, otherwise omit -->
| ? <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
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| ? <!-- e.g. [[triclinic]], [[monoclinic]], [[orthorhombic]], [[hexagonal]], [[rhombohedral|trigonal]], [[tetragonal]], [[cubic]], and mention "close packed" or similar.  You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. [[Cadmium_chloride#Crystal_structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]  -->
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| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
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! {{chembox header}} | Hazards <!--  Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
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| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
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| [http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/borax.htm Material safety data sheet]  
| [http://www.example.com Material safety data sheet] <!-- please replace with proper link-->
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| Main [[Occupational safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? <!-- e.g. highly toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive -->
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| [[NFPA 704]]
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| {{NFPA 704 | Health=1 | Flammability=4 | Reactivity=0}}
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| [[Flash point]]
| [[Flash point]]
| -60°C
| ?°C
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| [[Autoignition temperature|Autoignition temperature]]
| [[Risk and safety statement|R/S statement]]
| 500°C
| [[Risk and safety statement#R-phrase|R]]: ? <br /> [[Risk and safety statement#S-phrase|S]]: ?
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| [[RTECS]] number
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! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
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| Related [[Alkanes]]
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| Propane, Pentane
| ? <!-- Put in related anions e.g, iron(II) fluoride & iron(II) bromide if compound is iron(II) chloride -->
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| Other [[Ion|cation]]s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Put in other oxidation states of same element e.g. [[iron(III) chloride]], also for related metals such as [[manganese(II) chloride]], [[cobalt(II) chloride]], ruthenium(III) chloride-->
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| Related [[?]] <!-- PLEASE INSERT FUNCTIONAL GROUP (e.g. [[aldehyde]]) FOR ORGANICS, please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Insert related organics e.g. on formaldehyde page put [[acetaldehyde]] -->
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<!-- A miscellaneous heading - use for covalent inorganics;  e.g. for PCl<sub>3</sub> you would list PCl<sub>5</sub>, POCl<sub>3</sub>, PF<sub>3</sub>, PBr<sub>3</sub>, NCl<sub>3</sub> and AsCl<sub>3</sub>.
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| ?
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| {{chembox header}} | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for<br /> materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25&nbsp;&deg;C, 100&nbsp;kPa)]]<br /> [[Chemical infobox|Disclaimer and references]]</small>
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'''Butane''' is a very familiar organic compound that we use a lot in our normal lives. This colorless odorless gas is mostly obtained from natural raw gas. Butane is widely used as a fuel source such as LPG (mixture of butane and propane) or camping fuel for its high compressibility.
== Introduction ==
'''Write this section last...'''  
 
<ref>Authorlastname, Firstname. [http://www.example.com Page-Title] ''Publishing-site-name''. Web. Date-of-publication or last-update or access (specify which).</ref>
 
<ref name=site-or-author>Authorlastname, Firstname. [http://www.example.com Page-Title] ''Publishing-site-name''. Web. Date-of-publication or last-update or access (specify which).</ref>
 
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== Properties ==
== Properties ==
Butane, a colorless and odorless gas, is one of the alkane series with four carbons. Therefore, it shares many properties with other alkanes. There is a tendency among alkanes that heavier alkane tends to be in liquid phase while lighter alkane tends to be in gas phase. Since the boiling point of butane is below 0°C, most of the time butane exists in gaseous phase. However some change of condition in pressure can make butane gas be butane liquid. This property of butane allows it to be a commonly used fuel.


Like other alkanes, under the condition of existence of abundant oxygen, butane can easily react with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. In lack of oxygen, butane may produce carbon monoxide.[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-butane.htm]


== Occurrences ==
== Synthesis / Occurrences ==
There are two ways to obtain butane. One is by the separation of raw natural gas. This process is done by using nitrogen-selective membranes which abstracts excess nitrogen from natural gas or methane-rich gas. The other is by refining crude oil. Well, crude oil is pretty similar to natural gas in its occurrence. However, the crude oil is not so frequently used as a source of butane because it only gives small amount of butane gas.[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6572678.html]
[[Image:example.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Description]]
 


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
[[Image:278075210_d6bd2824fa.jpg|150px|thumb|right]]
Thanks to its properties, butane is an ideal compound to be a portable fuel in our lives. When butane gas is compressed (high pressure), butane gas quickly changes to liquid. By compressing butane gas into a metal bottle or a small container, a camping fuel or a candle lighter is made.


Butane gas is used as a fuel source in another way. When butane gas and propane gas is combined, they produce LPG (Liquid Propane Gas). While propane carries more energy, butane gives portability with its property – being liquefied easily. And this LPG gas does not pollute the air by producing carbon monoxide or any acidic product like a coal; it is used widely as a semi-green fuel source.


Besides being a fuel source, butane is also used in other fields. Pure butane gas can substitute Freon gas as a refrigerant, which has been destroying the ozone layer.  
== Other ==
[http://www.e-lpg.com/lp_gas.asp]
[[Image:example.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Description]]
'''Name this section.....'''
 
 
== Video ==
Video description here....
{{#ev:youtube|vdn1S3vbcuo}}
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== Isomers ==
Basically, isomer means a compound with same formula but different structure. Often times, isomers have iso- in front of names of compounds, as a prefix, to identify themselves as isomers. Butane has one isomer. This isobutane is also called methylpropane or 2-methylropane, meaning attachment on 2nd carbon of propane. Isobutane was used more often during past couple decades.
[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-isobutane.htm]


== References ==
== References==
* [http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6565626.html Natural gas separation using nitrogen-selective membranes] patent storm
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/butane.aspx Butane] The Columbia Encyclopedia
* [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-butane.htm What is Butane?] wise GEEK
* [http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6572678.html Natural gas separation using nitrogen-selective membranes of modest selectivity] free patents online
* [http://www.e-lpg.com/lp_gas.asp Information on LPG] e-lpg.com
* [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-isobutane.htm What is Isobutane?] wise GEEK


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