Cosmological argument: Difference between revisions

The Borde-Guth-Vilenkin singularity theorem (or BGV theorem) was developed in 2003 by three leading cosmologists; Arvind Borde, Alan Guth and Alex Vilenkin. Subsequently in recent years since, the BGV theorem has become widely respected and accepted within the [[physics]] community.<ref name="wlcnt">William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland, ''The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology'' (Blackwell Publishing 2009), pg. 142</ref> The theorem is based on, what Alan Guth calls a "well-known fact", something traveling on a geodesic (made of light, straight structural elements) through an expanding universe becomes redshifted.<ref name="natureofnature">Bruce L. Gordon and William A. Dembski, ''The Nature of Nature: Examining the Role of Naturalism in Science'' (Intercollegiate Studies Institute 2011), pg. 498</ref> Expansion of the universe has been demonstrated through observation by Edwin Hubble (1889 – 1953). According to the law; "The apparent recession velocity of a galaxy v is proportional to its distance ''d'' from the observer: ''v=H₀d'', where the constant of proportionality ''H₀'' is known as the Hubble constant."

<ref>Peter Coles, ''Routledge Companion to the New Cosmology'' (Routledge 2004)[http://books.google.com/books?id=BgNGWVr5yhIC&pg=PA202#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> Borde, Guth and Vilenkin extended backwards in time by way of a "timelike or null geodesic", which according to Guth will be blueshifted. Under some circumstances the blueshift will reach "infinite rapidity" or the speed of light within a "finite amount of proper time (or affine parameter)".<ref name="natureofnature"/> Along this trajectory with an affine parameter shows that such trajectory is "geodesically incomplete."