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Hemostasis: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Blood_clotting.jpg|400px|right]] | [[Image:Blood_clotting.jpg|400px|right]] | ||
'''Hemostasis''' is a process that stops the flow of blood due to damage or injury. There are three steps in the process of hemostasis: vascular constriction, platelet plug, and coagulation (or blood clotting). Coagulation is the most complex and important step in hemostasis, which changes blood from a flowing liquid to a solid state.<ref>[http://www.rnceus.com/coag/coaghemo.html Definition of Hemostasis] Maureen Habel, RnCeus.</ref> | '''Hemostasis''' is a process that stops the flow of [[blood]] due to damage or injury. There are three steps in the process of hemostasis: vascular constriction, platelet plug, and coagulation (or blood clotting). Coagulation is the most complex and important step in hemostasis, which changes blood from a flowing liquid to a solid state.<ref>[http://www.rnceus.com/coag/coaghemo.html Definition of Hemostasis] Maureen Habel, RnCeus.</ref> | ||
== Steps of Hemostasis == | == Steps of Hemostasis == | ||
[[File:Hemostasis Process.jpg|left|thumb|250px|It shows the process of hemostasis]] | [[File:Hemostasis Process.jpg|left|thumb|250px|It shows the process of hemostasis]] | ||
Hemostasis is composed of | Hemostasis is composed of three major processes in a set order. '''Vascular constriction''' is the first step of hemostasis. It stops the blood flow to the area that is injured. When a person gets injured, Vascular constriction occurs to prevent excessive bleeding. After vascular constriction, thrombin activates platelets and they aggregate at the site of the injury, and loose platelet fibrogen. After thrombin activates platelets, the clot forms and entraps the plug. '''White thrombus''' is present when the plug contains only platelets; a '''red thrombus''' is present when red blood cells are present. Finally, the process proceed the last step, [[tissue repair]]. the clot is dissolved in normal blood flow. The clot is dissolved through the action of plasmin. <ref>[http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/blood-coagulation.html The Medical Biochemistry] Michael W. King, Ph.D, IU School of Medicine, February 24, 2011.</ref> | ||
When a person's blood vessels are damaged, hemostasis begins its three steps to arrest bleeding. The three steps are a '''vascular constriction''', a '''platelet plug''', and a '''coagulation'''. The explanation of a vascular spasm and a platelet plug is followed. However, the explanation of coagulation will be located on the next section. | When a person's blood vessels are damaged, hemostasis begins its three steps to arrest bleeding. The three steps are a '''vascular constriction''', a '''platelet plug''', and a '''coagulation'''. The explanation of a vascular spasm and a platelet plug is followed. However, the explanation of coagulation will be located on the next section. | ||
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== Coagulation == | == Coagulation == | ||
[[File:Coagulation Process.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The process of coagulation]] | [[File:Coagulation Process.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The process of coagulation]] | ||
Coagulation (or blood clotting) is the most complex stage of hemostasis. | Coagulation (or blood clotting) is the most complex stage of hemostasis. A blood clotting consists of a plug of platelets enmeshed in a network of insoluble fibrin molecules. Blood clotting requires calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and about a dozen other protein clotting factors.<ref name=Kimball>[http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Clotting.html Blood Clotting] John W. Kimball, Kimball's Biology, January 11th, 2011.</ref>There are three major steps in the coagulation process in involving prothrombinase, thrombin, and fibrin. | ||
'''Process'''<br /> | '''Process'''<br /> | ||
'''Prothrombinase''' is an enzyme that is produced when blood vessels or some other tissues are damaged. Prothrombinase is also called 'coagulation factor II' (F2). Prothrombinase occurs in blood plasma. Prothrombin is produced by the liver and the liver puts prothrombinase into the bloodstream. The next step is '''thrombin'''; another enzyme that prothrombinase converts prothrombin. After the second step, thrombin, the last step occurs when thrombin interacts with '''fibrinogen'''. Fibrinogen is one of the proteins in blood plasma. Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin when thrombin interacts with fibrinogen.<ref name=wile327>Wile, Jay L., and Shannon, Marilyn M. ''The Human Body: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made!''. Cincinnati: Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc., 2001. Print.(P327-328)</ref>. | |||
'''Control'''<br /> | '''Control'''<br /> | ||
