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What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependent mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/citation/160/3826/408 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] By Paul S. Moorhead, Martin M. Kaplan; Wistar Institute Symposium; ''Science'' Vol. 160. no. 3826, p. 408, 1967</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref> | What are the odds of getting three related mutations? That is, again taking into account the mutation rate of duplicated DNA, one in a billion trillion or 10<sup>21</sup>. Suddenly the [[ocean]] isn't big enough to hold enough bacteria to make that chance very likely. You can quickly tell that at just three related mutations, evolution via related, dependent mutational change through [[natural selection]] as its mechanism to produce truly novel information or molecule-to-man change is woefully inadequate. <ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/citation/160/3826/408 Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution] By Paul S. Moorhead, Martin M. Kaplan; Wistar Institute Symposium; ''Science'' Vol. 160. no. 3826, p. 408, 1967</ref> <ref>Dr. Gary Parker. ''Creation: Facts of Life'' [http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/cfol/ch2-mutations.asp] </ref> | ||
===Protein folds=== | |||
Calculations have been done and research published in the ''Journal of Molecular Biology'' by Douglas Axe, a [[protein]] scientist. He shows just how exceptionally rare the chance of getting certain working protein sequences can be let alone whole genomic structure evolution from fish to man as ultimately predicted. In other words, as Dr. Axe wrote regarding the probability it is, "''less than one in a trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion.''" <ref>''Estimating the Prevalence of Protein Sequences Adopting Functional Enzyme Folds''; By D.D. Axe; Journal of Molecular Biology, 341(5) (2004):1295–1315</ref> | Calculations have been done and research published in the ''Journal of Molecular Biology'' by Douglas Axe, a [[protein]] scientist. He shows just how exceptionally rare the chance of getting certain working protein sequences can be let alone whole genomic structure evolution from fish to man as ultimately predicted. In other words, as Dr. Axe wrote regarding the probability it is, "''less than one in a trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion.''" <ref>''Estimating the Prevalence of Protein Sequences Adopting Functional Enzyme Folds''; By D.D. Axe; Journal of Molecular Biology, 341(5) (2004):1295–1315</ref> | ||
