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Hemoglobin: Difference between revisions
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=== Abnormal Hemoglobin === | === Abnormal Hemoglobin === | ||
[[File:Anemia.jpg|right| | [[File:Anemia.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Hemolytic Anemia.]] | ||
==== Low Hemoglobin ==== | ==== Low Hemoglobin ==== | ||
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== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
[[File:Hemoglobin2.png|left|250px|thumb|Hemolytic Anemia.]] | |||
A porphyrin, known as a heterocyclic ring, locates at the core of the molecule and holds an iron atom, which is the site of oxygen binding. An iron containing porphyrin is called a heme. It is also known as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and the cytochromes. Globin is the protein that protects the heme molecule. It is called a globular protein. A single unit of hemoglobin consists of a heme imbedded in a globular protein. Hemoglobin synthesis requires the coordination of heme and globin. In the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, the heme part is synthesized in a series of steps. On the other hand, the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol. From the proerythroblast to the reticulocyte in the bone marrow, the production of hemoglobin continues in the cell. Then the nucleus disappears in mammalian red blood cells in only humans not in other species. Although the nucleus is lost in red blood cells, residual ribosomal RNA keeps synthesizing hemoglobin until reticulocyte loses its RNA as soon as it enters the vasculature. | A porphyrin, known as a heterocyclic ring, locates at the core of the molecule and holds an iron atom, which is the site of oxygen binding. An iron containing porphyrin is called a heme. It is also known as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and the cytochromes. Globin is the protein that protects the heme molecule. It is called a globular protein. A single unit of hemoglobin consists of a heme imbedded in a globular protein. Hemoglobin synthesis requires the coordination of heme and globin. In the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, the heme part is synthesized in a series of steps. On the other hand, the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol. From the proerythroblast to the reticulocyte in the bone marrow, the production of hemoglobin continues in the cell. Then the nucleus disappears in mammalian red blood cells in only humans not in other species. Although the nucleus is lost in red blood cells, residual ribosomal RNA keeps synthesizing hemoglobin until reticulocyte loses its RNA as soon as it enters the vasculature. | ||
