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Down syndrome: Difference between revisions
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British Physician, John Langdon Haydon Down, first classified Down syndrome in 1866. [http://caslater.freeservers.com/JLD.htm] During much of the nineteenth century, people with [[mental retardation]] were commonly known as Idiots. Dr. Down classified people with trisomy 21 as Mongolian Idiots. This term is now considered offensive towards those with Down syndrome and is not a politically correct term. [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~borth/DOWN1.HTM] Mongolism was renamed Down Syndrome after Dr. Down in the 1960’s.[http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm] During the early twentieth century, people with Down syndrome were often the victims of Abuse. Many were institutionalized and were forced to undergo sterilization programs. In Nazi Germany, Many people with mental retardation, primarily those with Down syndrome, were cruelly murdered. Today, much has changed in the way people with mental retardation are treated. Many are given the chance to receive an education in public school and there are an increasing number of job opportunities available to people with mental disabilities. [http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Down_syndrome/] | British Physician, John Langdon Haydon Down, first classified Down syndrome in 1866. [http://caslater.freeservers.com/JLD.htm] During much of the nineteenth century, people with [[mental retardation]] were commonly known as Idiots. Dr. Down classified people with trisomy 21 as Mongolian Idiots. This term is now considered offensive towards those with Down syndrome and is not a politically correct term. [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~borth/DOWN1.HTM] Mongolism was renamed Down Syndrome after Dr. Down in the 1960’s.[http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm] During the early twentieth century, people with Down syndrome were often the victims of Abuse. Many were institutionalized and were forced to undergo sterilization programs. In Nazi Germany, Many people with mental retardation, primarily those with Down syndrome, were cruelly murdered. Today, much has changed in the way people with mental retardation are treated. Many are given the chance to receive an education in public school and there are an increasing number of job opportunities available to people with mental disabilities. [http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Down_syndrome/] | ||
==Common Characteristics== | |||
[[Image:Brushfield_eyes.jpg |thumb|150px|left|Child with Down syndrome showing eyes exhibiting both Brushfield spots and heterochromia ]] | |||
Down syndrome has many common physical characteristics. The following are some of the most common characteristics: the head is smaller than average, the face is flat, and the mouth is small. The slits of the eyes are narrow and have an epicanthal fold (a skin fold of the upper eyelid), and Brushfield spots are commonly seen in the iris. The ears are small and lower set on the head, and the neck is shorter than average. The length of the arms and legs are not proportionate to the size of the body. The feet are wide and short towed. [http://www.downsyn.com/whatphys.php] Hands tend to be wide with short fingers. The hands will exhibit a single palmar crease, which is commonly know as simian creases, which are single lines that run across the hand. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003290.htm] Another common characteristic in people with Down syndrome is hypotonia. Hypotonia is low muscle tone of the body. Infants with hypotonia will appear floppy and loose in appearance, and they will have little control of their heads and limbs. If therapy is started at a young age for hypotonia, the muscles will develop more strongly.[http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hypotonia/hypotonia.htm] | |||
==Trisomy 21== | ==Trisomy 21== | ||
