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| * '''Species: E. caballus''' | | * '''Species: E. caballus''' |
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| ! {{animal header}} | '''Equus caballus''' | | ! {{animal header}} | '''Breed''' |
| |- style="text-align:center;" | | |- style="text-align:center;" |
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| '''''Equus caballus''''' | | '''''Friesian''''' |
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| ! {{animal header}} | '''Image Description''' | | ! {{animal header}} | '''Mother and foul''' |
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| |[[image:Dscn2615-adalei-siesje.jpg|center|250px]] | | |[[image:Dscn2615-adalei-siesje.jpg|center|250px]] |
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| == Introduction ==
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| The Frisian [[horse]] is a cold [[horse]]; meaning it has a cool temper. It is a [[mammal]] and is [[warm-blooded]]. It is a [[vertebrate]]; meaning the [[animal]] possesses a [[vertebral column]]. Reproduction occurs [[sexually]] and they give live birth. They are used for a variety of purposes in today's world, such as: recreational and sport [[riding]], [[farming]], carriages, and show. They are a rare [[breed]] of [[horse]], but are very loyal to their superiors (owners) and are fairly easy to take care of.
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| == Anatomy ==
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| [[Poll]] - The point where the head meets the neck, just behind the ears.
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| [[Bridle Path]] - An area at the start of the mane, commonly shaved to accommodate bridal straps.
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| [[Crest]] - The top portion of the neck, generally more pronounced in studs.
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| [[Withers]] - The highest point of the back, just above the shoulder blades. [[Horse]] height is measured at the withers.
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| [[Loin]] - The area just behind where a saddle sits, the space from the last [[vertebrae]] to the [[croup]].
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| [[Hip]] - The hip joint is the topmost portion of the rump.
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| [[Croup]] - Begins at the top of the hip and extends down to the [[dock]] where the tail begins.
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| [[Dock]] - The point where the rump and the tail connect.
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| [[Point of Buttock]] - The rounded edge of the rump.
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| [[Hock]] - The bending joint (corresponds to the knee on the front legs) on the hind leg.
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| [[Gaskin]] - The large muscle just above the hock on the inside of hind legs.
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| [[Stifle]] - The joint where the hind legs connect to the body.
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| [[Flank]] - Area where hind legs meet the [[barrel]] just past the [[stifle]] and just before the [[ribcage]].
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| [[Barrel]] - Body of [[horse]], essentially the area enclosed in the [[ribcage]].
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| [[Elbow]] - The joint where the front leg meets the body of the [[horse]].
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| [[Chestnut]] - A horny growth on the inside of each front leg.
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| [[Ergot]] - A horny growth on the back side of the [[fetlock]] joint.
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| [[Fetlock]] - The “ankle” joint (although really closer to the ball of the foot in anatomy) connecting the hoof to the leg.
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| [[Hoof]] - The foot, Hard on the outside and softer on the inside. The hoof is a harder version of our fingernails.
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| [[Coronet]] - Ring of soft tissue around the top of the hoof where it meets the skin.
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| [[Pastern]] - The space between the coronet band and the [[fetlock]].
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| [[Cannon]] - The long, slender space between the knee and fetlock joints.
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| [[Knee]] - The bending joint of the front legs.
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| [[Forearm]] - The area between the knee and the elbow of the front legs
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| [[Heart Girth]] - Or [[girth]], the area just behind the elbow, where the saddle girth sits. Should be the largest diameter of the [[horse]]’s barrel.
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| [[Point of Shoulder]] - The front most part of the [[horse]]’s chest.
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| [[Shoulder]] - The space between the [[withers]] and the point of shoulder
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| [[Throatlatch]] - Where the windpipe meets the jaw. Often where the strap of a bridle lays.
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| [[Jaw]] - The bottom circular portion of the [[horse]]'s face.
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| [[Muzzle]] - Chin, mouth and nose are all parts of the muzzle.
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| [[Forelock]] - A section of the mane which grows at the top of the forehead.
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| == Reproduction ==
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| All [[horse]]s breed [[sexually]]. Birth of the [[baby]], or [[foal]], occurs live; making the [[horse]], a [[viviparous]] [[animal]]. They are seasonal breeders; meaning there is only a specific season in which a [[horse]] will mate. Most [[mares]] give birth in the spring to a single [[baby]] ([[foal]]), sometimes twins. The [[mare]] carries her [[foal]] for 11 months, and produces milk for their young and will feed them for several months. When the [[foal]] is born it only takes 1 – 2 hours for it to be able to stand up and walk.
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| *'''[[Fertilization]]'''
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| When trying to attract a mate, the female [[horse]] ([[mare]]) urinates by raising her tail and revealing her [[vulva]]. When a male [[horse]] ([[stallion]]) notices her he approaches with a high head and tail and his ears drooped backwards. He will nicker, nip, nudge her, and then sniff her urine to determine her sexual maturity (973 days; average).
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| This behavior stimulates the [[mare]]'s [[secretion]] and the [[stallion]]'s [[erection]]. If both the [[mare]] and [[stallion]] are satisfied with each other, he will mount her and [[copulation]] will occur. Often they will periodically repeat courtship and breeding.
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| *'''[[Mare]] and [[Foal]]'''
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| Giving birth normally takes place at night or in the early morning, and is usually over in 15 minutes. Once the [[foal]] is out, the [[mare]] will chew on the [[membranes]]/[[placenta]] to prevent the [[foal]] from suffocating and then lick the [[foal]] to help blood [[circulation]]. In fifteen minutes, the [[foal]] will attempt to stand and get milk from its mother. When [[foal]]s are born their legs are almost the same length as they are when they are fully grown; their legs are so long they find it difficult to reach down to the grass to eat. [[Foal]]s can focus with their eyes almost as soon as they are born.
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| The [[foal]] is born without teeth, but they cut their first teeth within a week. As it gets older, the [[horse]] grows teeth. By the time the [[foal]] is six to nine months the young [[horse]] has all of its milk teeth. At five to six years of age, the [[horse]] replaces its [[milk teeth]] with permanent teeth. [[Horse]]s are fully grown by 3 - 4 years of age.
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| == Ecology ==
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| [[Image:Dscn3001-adalei-tritia2.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Description]]
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| [[Horse]]s are a needed [[animal]] in [[nature]]. Their [[fesses]] fertilize whatever ground it touches and their use for [[human]]s has gone throughout history. The Frisian [[horse]], in ancient times was mainly used as a [[draft animal]]; meaning it would tow a plow or carriage for [[human]]s as either [[transportation]] or to help with food products. Now it is used mainly for show, riding, and breeding. Its cool temperament and devoted loyalty toward its owner are traits that it passes on to its foal. However, its attitude is not the only thing sought by farmers and performers. What makes the Frisian significant is its physical appearance. The Frisian has been used and breeded for centuries as a draft [[horse]] and because of this it has developed a powerful strength. It is a perseverant and strong [[horse]], making it a good choice for farmers all around the world. As a wild [[horse]] the Frisian is very sturdy and still maintains its gentle attitude, but, as with other [[horse]]s, if threatened it will defend itself viciously.
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| [[Horse]]s in modern times have been demoted to mere enjoyment. Where as in the past [[horse]]s were used for many purposes. Their first use was food. The [[horse]] was hunted by men and could provide food for about a month, if good sized. They were later used as transportation and then as [[draft animals]]. [[Horse]]s were most important during wars, especially in [[medieval times]]. The [[horse]] went from being food to man's best friend. They are loyal and useful and smart a[[nimals]].
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| The [[horse]]'s [[fesses]] was, and still is, used for many purposes. One of the most common uses is [[fertilizer]]. Though not as common as the [[cow]]'s, [[horse]] dung is more potent and, when the [[animal]] is fed the right things, lasting. Since [[horse]]s eat [[grass]]es and [[grain]]s, and because they digest them differently then [[cow]]s, when used for fertilizing the dung not only helps plants grow taller, but spread further. This could be most helpful for farmers. Unfortunately not a lot of [[fertilizer]] is made with [[horse dung]], at least not all by itself.
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| == Brief History ==
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| The Frisian [[horse]] is one of the oldest breeds in [[Europe]] and has had an influence on a number of other breeds. Its homeland is in the northern [[Netherlands]] in [[Friesland]], where its ancestor is believed to have been found. Being introduced to the [[Netherlands]] during the time of the [[Crusades]] had a great effect on the breed as did many other [[horse]]s. Because of this the Frisian is what is called an all-rounder; meaning it can work in the fields as a draft [[horse]], pull a carriage through the streets, recreational or sport ridding, and show. The Frisian is very useful as a riding [[horse]] because of its desirable high trot. This led to the [[horse]] being interbred with other high trotting [[horse]]s during the [[nineteenth century]]. Thus its build became lighter and the Frisian became less suitable for a farm [[horse]]. By the beginning of the [[World Wars]] the original breed's numbers had been greatly reduced. However, due to lack of fuel during [[World War II]], the breed was revived as its fortunes as farming [[horse]]s returned. | | The Frisian [[horse]] is one of the oldest breeds in [[Europe]] and has had an influence on a number of other breeds. Its homeland is in the northern [[Netherlands]] in [[Friesland]], where its ancestor is believed to have been found. Being introduced to the [[Netherlands]] during the time of the [[Crusades]] had a great effect on the breed as did many other [[horse]]s. Because of this the Frisian is what is called an all-rounder; meaning it can work in the fields as a draft [[horse]], pull a carriage through the streets, recreational or sport ridding, and show. The Frisian is very useful as a riding [[horse]] because of its desirable high trot. This led to the [[horse]] being interbred with other high trotting [[horse]]s during the [[nineteenth century]]. Thus its build became lighter and the Frisian became less suitable for a farm [[horse]]. By the beginning of the [[World Wars]] the original breed's numbers had been greatly reduced. However, due to lack of fuel during [[World War II]], the breed was revived as its fortunes as farming [[horse]]s returned. |
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| | | *Usual height- 15-16hh.(hands). [[Horse]]s are measured in hands, one hand being equal to four inches. The measurment is taken from the ground level to the highest point on the horse's withers. |
| == Small Facts ==
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| *[[Horse]]s are measured in hands, one hand being equal to four inches. The measurment is taken from the ground level to the highest point on the horse's withers. | |
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| *Usual height- 15-16hh.(hands)
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| *Color- always black | | *Color- always black |
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| *You can always see a horse's friendliness in their face | | *You can always see a horse's friendliness in their face |
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| *Perfect [[horse]] for children | | *Perfect [[horse]] for children |
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| == Gallery == | | == Gallery == |
| <gallery> | | <gallery> |
| Image:Dscn2637.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> Subphylum: Vertebrata | | Image:Dscn2637.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> |
| Image:Dscn3001-adalei-tritia2.jpg|Fiesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> Subphylum: Vertebrata | | Image:Dscn3001-adalei-tritia2.jpg|Fiesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> |
| Image:Dscn3055b-adalei-tritia.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> Subphylum: Vertebrata | | Image:Dscn3055b-adalei-tritia.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> |
| Image:Hans-P1110551-167x125.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> Subphylum: Vertebrata | | Image:Hans-P1110551-167x125.jpg|Friesian<br /> (''E. caballus '')<br /> |
| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
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| {{Biology portal}}
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| == References ==
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| * [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html Animal Diversity Web] Anna Bess Sorin, University of Michigan.
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| * [http://http://www.nationmaster.com NationMaster Encyclopidia] NationMaster, NationMaster.
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| * [http://www.animalcorner.co.uk Animal Corner] Animal Corner, Animal Corner.
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| * The Ultimate Encyclopidia of Horse Breeds and Horse Care Judith Draper, Hermes House Publishing, 2002, 2005
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| {{biology navbox}} | | {{biology navbox}} |
| [[Category:Taxa name]] <!-- insert taxonomic ''Family'' name here (or higher taxa name if topic represents a higher taxa.--> | | [[Category:Equidae]] |
| | [[category:domestic animal]] |
| | [[category:Horse]] |
