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Chromosome: Difference between revisions
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== Variations Among Organisms == | == Variations Among Organisms == | ||
The number of genes per chromosome, the number of chromosomes, and the length of chromosomes varies considerably among the various organisms on [[Earth]]. | The number of genes per chromosome, the number of chromosomes, and the length of chromosomes varies considerably among the various organisms on [[Earth]]. Humans have 46 chromosomes with about 1000 genes each (30 to 38 thousand genes per cell). The human chromosomes range in size from 50 x 10<sup>6</sup> nucleotides in length, which is equal to 1.7 cm if fully extended - up to 250 x 10<sup>6</sup> nucleotides in the largest (which would extend 8.5 cm). The [[DNA]] in a single human cell would extend over 2 meters if attached end-to-end. However, during cell division ([[mitosis]]) the chromosomes condense into structures about 5µm long, which are then visible when stained under a standard [[compound microscope]]. | ||
Humans have 46 chromosomes with about 1000 genes each (30 to 38 thousand genes per cell). The human chromosomes range in size from 50 x 10<sup>6</sup> nucleotides in length, which is equal to 1.7 cm if fully extended - up to 250 x 10<sup>6</sup> nucleotides in the largest (which would extend 8.5 cm). The [[DNA]] in a single human cell would extend over 2 meters if attached end-to-end. However, during cell division ([[mitosis]]) the chromosomes condense into structures about 5µm long, which are then visible when stained under a standard [[compound microscope]]. | |||
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|- | |||
! Comparative Sequence Sizes | |||
! (Bases) | |||
|- | |||
| Yeast chromosome 3 | |||
| 350 Thousand | |||
|- | |||
| Escherichia coli (bacterium) genome | |||
| 4.6 Million | |||
|- | |||
| Largest yeast chromosome now mapped | |||
| 5.8 Million | |||
|- | |||
| Entire yeast genome | |||
| 15 Million | |||
|- | |||
| Smallest human chromosome (Y) | |||
| 50 Million | |||
|- | |||
| Largest human chromosome (1) | |||
| 250 Million | |||
|- | |||
| Entire human genome | |||
| 3 Billion | |||
<ref>[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/fig3.html Primer on Molecular Genetics] by the Human Genome Research Project.</ref>|} | |||
===Chromsomes in Eukaryotes=== | ===Chromsomes in Eukaryotes=== | ||
