Chlorine: Difference between revisions

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'''Chlorine''' is one of the elements that has the atomic number 17, and the symbol Cl. In the periodic table, it is in group 17.  There is plenty of chlorine in nature. Most living things on the Earth need chlorine in order to survive, including humans.  When chlroine is in the form of gas, its color becomes greenish yellow, and the weight increases as heavy as half of air.  The chlroine gas is also, unlike sulfur, has suffocating odor and very poisonous to every living thing. However, when it changes its form to the form of solid or liquid, it loses its characters that it had when it was in the form of gas, but is used as a powerful disinfecting agent.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]
'''Chlorine''' is one of the elements that has the atomic number 17, and the symbol Cl. There is plenty of chlorine in nature. When chlorine is in the form of gas, its color becomes greenish yellow, and the weight increases as heavy as half of air.  Chlorine gas has suffocating odor and very poisonous to every living thing. It is perhaps best know for its powerful disinfecting activity.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]


==Properties==
==Properties==
Chlorine is usually found combined in nature because of its reactivity. It is ready to use commercially by passing electricity through a water solution of sodium chloride or through molten sodium chloride. Chlorine gases are made up of diatomic molecules, as the formula C12. The gas can be smelled in the air at a 3 parts per million(ppm), and it is irritating to the nose, mouth, and lungs. Thus, it cause throat irritation at 15 ppm, coughing at 30 ppm, and cause deadly effect after a few deep breaths at 1,000 ppm.
Chlorine is usually found combined in nature because of its reactivity. It is ready to use commercially by passing electricity through a water solution of sodium chloride or through molten sodium chloride. Chlorine gases are made up of diatomic molecules, as the formula C12. The gas can be smelled in the air at a 3 parts per million(ppm), and it is irritating to the nose, mouth, and lungs. Thus, it cause throat irritation at 15 ppm, coughing at 30 ppm, and cause deadly effect after a few deep breaths at 1,000 ppm.
Chlorine gas is easy to liquify in water, and occur chemical reaction, that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), plus some unreacted C12. That is called chlorine water and it is kiing germs in water or to bleach papaers and fabrics.   
 
Chlorinated hydocarbons-hydrocarbons have have had some of their hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorne atoms. A variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides. One of the earliest to be used was DDT, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane. However, it caused serious enviromental problems,  it is not use as much as before in the United States.  
Chlorine gas is easy to liquefy in water, and occur chemical reaction, that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), plus some unreacted C12. That is called chlorine water and it is killing [[germs]] in water or to [[bleach]] papers and fabrics.   
Chlorinated hydrocarbons have had some of their hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. A variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as [[insecticides]]. One of the earliest to be used was DDT, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane. However, it caused serious environmental problems,  it is not use as much as before in the [[United States]].  
Other chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as pesticides in the farms, but all of these compounds are very stable so they are becoming a serious problem.  
Other chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as pesticides in the farms, but all of these compounds are very stable so they are becoming a serious problem.  
[http://science.jrank.org/pages/1438/Chlorine-Properties-uses-chlorine.html]
[http://science.jrank.org/pages/1438/Chlorine-Properties-uses-chlorine.html]
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==Occurrences==
==Occurrences==


Chlorine is abanduntful in lithosphere, and it is estimated to be about 0.045%. Its strong chemical affinity for the other elements, it never occurs in the free state, except as a minor organization of the gaseous output from volcanic eruptions.  
Chlorine is abundant in lithosphere, and it is estimated to be about 0.045%. Its strong chemical affinity for the other elements, it never occurs in the free state, except as a minor organization of the gaseous output from volcanic eruptions.  
Chlorine is consisted by the most common minerals; rock salt or halite(NaCl), sylvite(KCl) and carnallite(MgCl12.KCl.6H20).
Chlorine is consisted by the most common minerals; rock salt or halite(NaCl), sylvite(KCl) and carnallite(MgCl12.KCl.6H20).
Chlorine salts are liquefy in the hydrosphere instead of being spread out in the lithosphere.  NaCl, sodium chloride is the most commom element of alkali metals in the hydrosphere as well as in the lithosphere. Thus, it's named commom salt. The average concentration in seawater is approximately 2,6%. Table salt plays on unreplaceable function in human diet and the uneven distribution of its deposits over the earth's crust has played an original role in conditioning the pattern of civilization in time and space.
 
Chlorine salts liquefy in the hydrosphere instead of being spread out in the lithosphere.  NaCl, sodium chloride is the most common element of alkali metals in the hydrosphere as well as in the lithosphere. Thus, it's named common salt. The average concentration in seawater is approximately 2,6%. Table salt plays on irreplaceable function in human diet and the uneven distribution of its deposits over the earth's crust has played an original role in conditioning the pattern of civilization in time and space.


==Uses==
==Uses==
[[Image:Laundry_room.jpg|thumb|550x|Bleach used in household cleaning contains chlorine.]]
[[Image:Laundry_room.jpg|thumb|550x|Bleach used in household cleaning contains chlorine.]]
Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking (pulmonary) agent.  
Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking (pulmonary) agent.  
Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States.Chlorine is one of the most important element for manufacturing. It is used in the production of textile processiong, petroleum products, medicines, antiseptics, insectocodes, food, slovents, painsts, plastlcs,and many other consumer products. Chlorine is also used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with other cleaning agents. It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage.
Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. Chlorine is one of the most important element for manufacturing. It is used in the production of textile processing, petroleum products, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides, food, solvents, paints, plastlcs, and many other consumer products. Chlorine is also used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with other cleaning agents. It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage.
[http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/chlorine/basics/facts.asp/]
[http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/chlorine/basics/facts.asp/]
[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/17.html]
[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/17.html]
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'''Iraq War'''<br>
'''Iraq War'''<br>
Chlorine gas was also used in the Iraq War as a chemical weapon to the local population and coalition forces fearfully.  
Chlorine gas was also used in the Iraq War as a chemical weapon to the local population and coalition forces fearfully.  
For examples, on March 17, 2007, three chlorines filled trucks were bombed in the Anbar province, killing 2 and sickening over 350 people. Other chlorine bomb caused more than 30 people dying. The force of the explosions caused a lot of people to die instead of toxic gases. The toxic gases from chlorine dispersed in the atmosphere by the blast. The spread out of chlorine gases resulted widespread panic, which is essential for providing safe drinking water for the population.
For examples, on March 17, 2007, three chlorine filled trucks were bombed in the Anbar province, killing 2 and sickening over 350 people. Other chlorine bomb caused more than 30 people dying. The force of the explosions caused a lot of people to die instead of toxic gases. The toxic gases from chlorine dispersed in the atmosphere by the blast. The spread out of chlorine gases resulted widespread panic, which is essential for providing safe drinking water for the population.
[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/elements/chlorine/history.html/][http://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/ElementWebSites/chlorine/historycl.htm/]
[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/elements/chlorine/history.html/][http://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/ElementWebSites/chlorine/historycl.htm/]


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