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Mutation: Difference between revisions
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Even in the case of mutations which can change the amount of DNA possessed by an organism, an increase in the amount of DNA does not result in increased function. Biophysicist Dr. [[Lee Spetner]] in his book, ''[http://store.nwcreation.net/notbychshmot.html Not by Chance: Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution]'', analyzed examples of mutational changes that evolutionists claimed were increases in information, and demonstrated that they were actually examples of loss of specificity, meaning loss of information. | Even in the case of mutations which can change the amount of DNA possessed by an organism, an increase in the amount of DNA does not result in increased function. Biophysicist Dr. [[Lee Spetner]] in his book, ''[http://store.nwcreation.net/notbychshmot.html Not by Chance: Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution]'', analyzed examples of mutational changes that evolutionists claimed were increases in information, and demonstrated that they were actually examples of loss of specificity, meaning loss of information. | ||
{| | {{cquote|In all the reading I've done in the life-sciences literature, I've never found a mutation that added information. … All point mutations that have been studied on the molecular level turn out to reduce the genetic information and not increase it." - Spetner}} | ||
This is not to invalidate beneficial mutations by any means, what is merely trying to be emphasized is the role of negative mutations from a degrading genome as time goes on. Recently as of April of 2007, such a theory has been put forth that deals with this indirectly. The ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' (PNAS) published an online paper and within it, what is concluded is that when beneficial mutations begin to accumulate, natural selection takes hold and accelerates the mutation rate since benefits to fitness are being produced. They begin to establish themselves in a population, eventually however there is, "increased deleterious load." | This is not to invalidate beneficial mutations by any means, what is merely trying to be emphasized is the role of negative mutations from a degrading genome as time goes on. Recently as of April of 2007, such a theory has been put forth that deals with this indirectly. The ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' (PNAS) published an online paper and within it, what is concluded is that when beneficial mutations begin to accumulate, natural selection takes hold and accelerates the mutation rate since benefits to fitness are being produced. They begin to establish themselves in a population, eventually however there is, "increased deleterious load." | ||
The paper released titled, ''Complete genetic linkage can subvert natural selection'' states that: | The paper released titled, ''Complete genetic linkage can subvert natural selection'' states that: | ||
{{cquote| The key fact is that natural selection, although eminently robust, is a short-sighted process that favors traits with immediate fitness benefits. The fitness cost of mutator hitchhiking is generally not anticipated because of the slow accumulation of deleterious load. When a mutator hitchhikes with a new beneficial mutation, a simple model shows that the increased deleterious load due to the mutator is in fact suppressed during the spread of the beneficial mutation. Indeed, the full fitness cost of the mutator is only realized well after the beneficial mutation has stopped spreading. A mutator may therefore enjoy the immediate benefit of producing a new beneficial mutation without anticipating the eventual increase in deleterious load. Because of this delay in the accumulation of deleterious load, natural selection can drive mutation rate up to the point of no return. <br> | |||
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There is almost certainly no physiological barrier to such an effect in most organisms: the genomic mutation rate in organisms from viruses to eukaryotes is a quantitative trait affected by many mutations whose effects can readily cumulate to intolerable levels of error. In what follows, we show that there need not be a selective barrier to this process either: because the full fitness effect of increased deleterious mutation takes some time to accumulate after a higher mutation rate has evolved, it is theoretically possible for a population to evolve a critically high mutation rate and subsequently go extinct.}} | |||
=== Mathmatical Challenges === | === Mathmatical Challenges === | ||
