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Chlorine: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
In 1774, Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovered Chlorine. Scheels thoguth that chlorine was an oxie of murium, or hydrochloric acid. | In 1774, '''Karl Wilhelm Scheele''' discovered Chlorine. Scheels thoguth that chlorine was an oxie of murium, or hydrochloric acid. Scheeles experienced to heat manganese dioxide and hydrochloric acid. From this experiment he discoverd greenish, yellow gas, called chlorine. | ||
He did not, however, establish chlorine as an element. In 1810, chlorine was named and classified as an element by Humphrey Davy. It was named after the Greek word chloros, which means pale green. | |||
Chlorine has also been used during World War I. It was first introduced as a weapon on April 22, 1915 at Ypres by the Germans. The results of this weapon were disastrous because gas makes had not yet been invented. But, some compounds of chlorine are more dangerous and have replaced chlorine gas on the battle field. They are phosgene, chloropicrin, Lewsite, and mustard gas.<br> | Chlorine has also been used during World War I. It was first introduced as a weapon on April 22, 1915 at Ypres by the Germans. The results of this weapon were disastrous because gas makes had not yet been invented. But, some compounds of chlorine are more dangerous and have replaced chlorine gas on the battle field. They are phosgene, chloropicrin, Lewsite, and mustard gas.<br> | ||
Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it through the reaction of the mineral pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl, then known as muriatic acid). Scheele thought the resulting gas contained oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy proposed and confirmed chlorine to be an element in 1810, and he also named the element. | Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it through the reaction of the mineral pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl, then known as muriatic acid). Scheele thought the resulting gas contained oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy proposed and confirmed chlorine to be an element in 1810, and he also named the element.<br> | ||
Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it dephlogisticated muriatic acid (see phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. Chlorine was given its current name in 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy, who insisted that it was in fact an element. | |||
[edit] World War I | |||
Main article: Use of poison gas in World War I | |||
Chlorine gas, also known as bertholite, was first used as a weapon in World War I by Germany on April 22, 1915 in the Second Battle of Ypres. As described by the soldiers it had a distinctive smell of a mixture between pepper and pineapple. It also tasted metallic and stung the back of the throat and chest. It was pioneered by a German scientist later to be a Nobel laureate, Fritz Haber of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, in collaboration with the German chemical conglomerate IG Farben, who developed methods for discharging chlorine gas against an entrenched enemy. It is alleged that Haber's role in the use of chlorine as a deadly weapon drove his wife, Clara Immerwahr, to suicide. After its first use, chlorine was utilized by both sides as a chemical weapon, but it was soon replaced by the more deadly gases phosgene and mustard gas.[3] | |||
[edit] Iraq War | |||
Main article: 2007 chlorine bombings in Iraq | |||
Chlorine gas has also been used by insurgents in the Iraq War as a chemical weapon to terrorize the local population and coalition forces. On March 17, 2007, for example, three chlorine filled trucks were detonated in the Anbar province killing 2 and sickening over 350.[4] Other chlorine bomb attacks resulted in higher death tolls, with more than 30 deaths on two separate occasions.[5] Most of the deaths were caused by the force of the explosions rather than the effects of chlorine, since the toxic gas is readily dispersed and diluted in the atmosphere by the blast. The principal objective of the insurgents is to create widespread panic. The Iraqi authorities have tightened up security for chlorine, which is essential for providing safe drinking water for the population. | |||
== Related References == | == Related References == | ||
