Umbrella octopus
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== Intellegence/Defense == | == Intellegence/Defense == | ||
| - | An octopus's key mechanism to defense is camouflaging itself.- An octopus usually has 3 colors in its skin cells (some can have up to four) to change its color and state of being. The camouflage of an octopus is very essential for not only one specific octopus because it can affect the rest by warning them of danger. As well as, uncharacterizing itself as an octopus, from its predators. An octopus surely relies upon its skin cells, for survival; because it can not only change it's color but its texture. To match up with seaweed or coral etc. Octopuses have several secondary defenses (defenses they use once they have been seen by a predator). The second way the octopus defend itself is by its ink sack which it releases as a cloud (this ink is melanin) This ink is simply useful in de-coding smell to the preditor, which then helps the octopus get away quickly and safely. Some octopus for example the Mimic Octopus can mimic other animals and change its color and texture closer to theirs (animals like lionfish, sea snakes and eels). | + | An octopus's key mechanism to defense is camouflaging itself.- An octopus usually has 3 colors in its skin cells (some can have up to four) to change its color and state of being. The camouflage of an octopus is very essential for not only one specific octopus because it can affect the rest by warning them of danger. As well as, uncharacterizing itself as an octopus, from its predators. An octopus surely relies upon its skin cells, for survival; because it can not only change it's color but its texture. To match up with seaweed or coral etc. Octopuses have several secondary defenses (defenses they use once they have been seen by a predator). The second way the octopus defend itself is by its ink sack which it releases as a cloud (this ink is melanin) This ink is simply useful in de-coding smell to the preditor, which then helps the octopus get away quickly and safely. Some octopus for example the Mimic Octopus can mimic other animals and change its color and texture closer to theirs (animals like lionfish, sea snakes and eels). [http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Octopoda_Order.asp#cite_note-behaviour-9] |
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Revision as of 09:19, 6 March 2009
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| Umbrella octopus |
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| Scientific Classification |
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| Species |
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Genus Cirroctopus
Genus Grimpoteuthis
Genus Luteuthis
Genus Opisthoteuthis
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| A dumbo Octopus |
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Contents |
Introduction
Anatomy
Opisthoteuthis Grimaldii The Flapjack Octopus given its name for its shape (This kind of octopus is very oval shaped)! Due to it's to its preservation. It is also commonly known as pancake devilfish. Some features include 1 or 2 fields of large suckers, (for male octopus).This characteristic is present in the arms of the (male)octopus. They also, may have small fins. Which is sometimes found in the Cirri because, its short. Regarding their shape is it is similar to a kidney for its optic lobe. The 'Flapjack' octopus (or Pancake devilfish) commonly has, a U-shaped shell. The wing is sometimes classified as simple or a pointed cone. The shell can expand between walls rise toward the tips. However, they do not have tooth-like structures in the sucker joint. The Flapjack octopus's head have large eyes, which has a 50% width. Again, in the head a few bundles of optic tract penetrate white body. The fins of a Flapjack octopus are not very large unlike their eyes, they are about a half mantle (in width).[1]
Opisthoteuthis calypso All of the arms of the Opisthoteuthis Calypso Octopus are all comparable. In female the seventh sucker is larger. In a full grown male or female there are about 47-58 suckers, on each arm. Males have two fields of arms with bigger suckers that go beyond the others. The Proximal field with larger suckers only on arms III, there are arms that are a little bit augmented which are the suckers IV are the largest. Sucker seven is mostly the largest sucker commonly. There are some Distal field with very big suckers on all arms but a little bit larger on arms III and IV. The suckers that are enlarged is 2-3 (hardly 4) that lie between sucker positions 23-29 the largest sucker in this set would be sucker 26. Single web nodule within ventral margin (of every arm), raise adverse suckers 24-27 in males and for female it would be 22-23. The Cirri at a maximal length of 5 mm in a large octopods. The first cirrus is found between 1 and 2. In this type of octopus the male is dominant in size versus the woman. [2]
Grimpoteuthis Is also called a 'Dumbo Octopus' because of it's fins (which look like ears) that project from the top of their 'head-shaped' bodies. The reason for the name was the Walt Disney character DUMBO with big ears. The Dumbo Octopus's arms are described as follows: Arms I(approximately 55 suckers) and arms II are a bit longer than arms III and IV. There are thirty within the web. They have tips of the arms that are 15 through 20 closely tightened suckers. The Largest suckers are at basal a third of the arm.(which would be 2.5 mm diam.) In this type of octopus the arms near the mouth are quite reduced and smaller in size compared to others.The basal third suckers (of the lateral arms) can be alternate. The Cirri is short at a distance of(3-4 mm). They have small scale eyes, which are measured at a 12 mm diameter. The color of the body is simply translucent and is quite dull, however the fins are a dark brown and get darker as you move towards the tips. The oral surfaces of the arms/web are a brown with a tint of purple. The suckers on these arms/webs are brown, but have a hint of yellow. [3]
Reproduction
Matured Opisthoteuthis Calypso males, have spermatophores in their reproductive tract. And the mature females, Oviducal eggs can be from sizes 5.1 to 7.5 mm. The study of the ovarian oocyte size frequency is persistant in the continuous egg production/release. It is proposed that a single, extended and continuous period of egg maturation and spawning exist in O. calypso, as suspected for most cirrate octopods. The males as well as females are contrast in their suckers as well as their size/weight. The females lay eggs constantly all the time, (unlike some animals they do not have breeding seasons).[4]
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment. All organisms have certain requirements that need to be met for them to be able to carry on life. Ecology is the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms.[5] To avoid the octopus from being a prey, select and change in the substratum, where they remain most of the time, especially during daylight hours.[6] The Opisthoteuthis grimaldii Octopus is found in the Bahamas. [7] They are sea floor creatures who live at extreme depths (3000-4000 meters). They can also 'turn on/off' their transperancy. They hover above the sea floor, searching for worms, bivalves, pelagic copepods, and other crustaceans. This type of Octopoda species is quite rare.[8] The typical location of the Grimpoteuthis Octopus is, 37°35'N, 71°18.8'W, 2,000 m depth.
Intellegence/Defense
An octopus's key mechanism to defense is camouflaging itself.- An octopus usually has 3 colors in its skin cells (some can have up to four) to change its color and state of being. The camouflage of an octopus is very essential for not only one specific octopus because it can affect the rest by warning them of danger. As well as, uncharacterizing itself as an octopus, from its predators. An octopus surely relies upon its skin cells, for survival; because it can not only change it's color but its texture. To match up with seaweed or coral etc. Octopuses have several secondary defenses (defenses they use once they have been seen by a predator). The second way the octopus defend itself is by its ink sack which it releases as a cloud (this ink is melanin) This ink is simply useful in de-coding smell to the preditor, which then helps the octopus get away quickly and safely. Some octopus for example the Mimic Octopus can mimic other animals and change its color and texture closer to theirs (animals like lionfish, sea snakes and eels). [9]
Gallery
 Dumbo Octopus |
 Seven Arm Octopus |
Opisthoteuthisagassizii.JPG
Flapjack or Pancake devilfish |
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 Browse |
References
- Opisthoteuthis Villanueva, Roger, Richard E. Young, and Michael Vecchione, Tree of life project, 28/04/2008.
- Opisthoteuthis agassizii Richard Younge/Michael Vecchione/Roger Villanueva, Tree of Life project, 2002.
- Opisthoteuthis calypso Villanueva, Roger, Richard E. Young, and Michael Vecchione, Tree life project, 17/07/2006.
- Den ecology of Octopus Vulgarus Cuvier Katsanevakis, Verriopoulos, Scientia Marina, 1997.
- Grimpoteuthis Bay Science Foundation, Bay Science Foundation, 16/02/2009.
- Octopoda: Grimpoteuthidae Collins, Martin, Wiley Interscience, 2003.
- Octopoda Bay Science Foundation, BayScience Foundation, 19/01/2009.
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