Mango
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| - | Mango fruit were originated in Eastern India and the surrounding area of Southern and Eastern Asia. Even today, almost half of all the mangoes in the world are cultivated in India. After this, the fruit was introduced to Africa and to South America. They are grown in tropical areas. Frost-free areas with warm temperatures are preferable for mango cultivation. Outside of India, today mangoes are mainly grown in North america, South America, Pacific Islands, and parts of Asia. There are more than one thousand types of mangoes being cultivated all over the world. The Alphonso is a very popular type of mango grown in India. It is nicknamed the "King of Mangoes." Other typse of mangoes include the huevos de toro, meaning "Bull's Testicles," and the "Turpentine Mango," which was named after its taste resembling turpentine. Although India grows almost half of the world's mangoes, it only acconts for less than one percent of the world's mango trade. | + | Mango fruit were originated in Eastern India and the surrounding area of Southern and Eastern Asia. Even today, almost half of all the mangoes in the world are cultivated in India. After this, the fruit was introduced to Africa and to South America. They are grown in tropical areas. Frost-free areas with warm temperatures are preferable for mango cultivation. Locations with cool dry seasons and high heat accumulation during the period of flowering and fruit developement. Rain or free moisture, or high humidity, heavy dew, and fog will help develope diseases on the fruit and flowers and force them to drop off the plant. This is why even though you will find the plant growing in wetter areas, the trees rarely will bear fruit when the moisture level is high. Outside of India, today mangoes are mainly grown in North america, South America, Pacific Islands, and parts of Asia. There are more than one thousand types of mangoes being cultivated all over the world. The Alphonso is a very popular type of mango grown in India. It is nicknamed the "King of Mangoes." Other typse of mangoes include the huevos de toro, meaning "Bull's Testicles," and the "Turpentine Mango," which was named after its taste resembling turpentine. Although India grows almost half of the world's mangoes, it only acconts for less than one percent of the world's mango trade. |
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Revision as of 01:02, 24 April 2009
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Introduction
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Obtain your taxonomy information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Anatomy
Mangoes grow on trees that are generally about thirty to forty meters tall. The tree's taproot can grow up to twenty feet in distance into the soil. It has simple alternate evergreen leaves that are about twenty to thirty centimeters by five to fifteen centimeters. They can range from orange or pink in color in early life to dark red. Once they reach maturation, they turn into a dark green color.
This tree grows flowers that are in a panicle arrangement that can hold up to two thousand individual flowers. The flowers have five small, white or red petals that are half of a centimeter to a centimeter in length. The flowers can give some people allergic reactions due to their respired substance. Flies and bees act as the pollinators for the flowers. Once the tree is alive for about a season to half a year, the mango fruit will ripen. These fruits can be orange, yellow, red, or green. A flat seed is located at the center of a mango. They grow at the end of a long stem which was the panicle flower stem. They are usually two to nine inches in length and are round or oval. They weigh about half a pound to one and a half pounds. The skin of the mango is much like a peach, but more smooth and leathery.
Reproduction
Once a mango tree has been alive for about a decade it can start growing flowers and fruit. The amount of flowers and mangoes grown on the tree really depends on the weather and climate that the plant goes through. Usually dryer climates will make the mango plants grow more flowers than the wet climates. Most of these trees will create flowers and fruit heavily at one point in the year, but some will grow steadily throughout the year. In areas like the Philippines, they use different methods to help grow the flowers on mango trees. One way is called smudging which is like engulfing the tree in smoke. Other methods include exposing the roots to the air as opposed to buried in the ground, pruning the tree, girdling it, withholding nitrogen and irrigation, and adding salt to the roots.
Mangoes have typically been grown in Southern Asia to Eastern Asia. The way they are reproduced is through mitosis. The mitosis occurs in spores, which is the dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions[3]. These spores are produced through meiosis which then go into the gametophyte phase. Through the alternation of generations, the mango plant's sporophyte phase goes into this gametophyte phase. The spores produced in the sporophyte phase by meiosis are within a sporangium (a plant containing spores). Once the mango tree is in the gametophyte phase, it produces the gametes through the process of mitosis within a haploid structure producing and containing male gametes called an antheridium, or an archegonium producing eggs. Mangoes are vascular plants. They show progress in more sporophyte dominance.
Most types of mangoes have seeds that are called monoembryonic. This means that when they are plant they cannot reproduce themselves a certain type. One main type of reproduction of mangoes is grafting. This process is where the scion near the top of the tree and the rootstock, the lower part, are joined. There are different types of the grafting method. The whip and tongue graft and the cleft graph are the two most popular variations. For the grafting method to work effectively, strong, growing rootstocks are necessary. For the top end of the tree, the scion, sections with swelling buds that are almost about to burst help the process. For more effectiveness, joining specifically the cambium of the scion and the rootstocks will help them to graft more easily, due to the fact that this area is where the cells are always dividing. Another method is called the wedge method. This is where two cuts sloping in out of the scion are made to make an arrow type of shape. A cut is also applied to the stock the same length as the scoin cut. Then the scion is placed into the stock to match up the cambiums. To keep them in place, placing wrap around the tree or taping it will help the process. Also, to prevent excess moisture from escaping, a bag over it will help this healing process. Another method is called the whip and tongue method. This uses cuts that are interlocking to make a stronger graft and help the healing process.
Ecology
Mango fruit were originated in Eastern India and the surrounding area of Southern and Eastern Asia. Even today, almost half of all the mangoes in the world are cultivated in India. After this, the fruit was introduced to Africa and to South America. They are grown in tropical areas. Frost-free areas with warm temperatures are preferable for mango cultivation. Locations with cool dry seasons and high heat accumulation during the period of flowering and fruit developement. Rain or free moisture, or high humidity, heavy dew, and fog will help develope diseases on the fruit and flowers and force them to drop off the plant. This is why even though you will find the plant growing in wetter areas, the trees rarely will bear fruit when the moisture level is high. Outside of India, today mangoes are mainly grown in North america, South America, Pacific Islands, and parts of Asia. There are more than one thousand types of mangoes being cultivated all over the world. The Alphonso is a very popular type of mango grown in India. It is nicknamed the "King of Mangoes." Other typse of mangoes include the huevos de toro, meaning "Bull's Testicles," and the "Turpentine Mango," which was named after its taste resembling turpentine. Although India grows almost half of the world's mangoes, it only acconts for less than one percent of the world's mango trade.
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References
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See Also
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