Deinococcus radiodurans
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
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'''''The mere existence of D. radiodurans suggests that almost anything is possible.'''''[http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_02/deinococcus.shtml] | '''''The mere existence of D. radiodurans suggests that almost anything is possible.'''''[http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_02/deinococcus.shtml] | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
| - | The environment experienced so many variations through the | + | The environment experienced so many variations through the beginning of time. In order to survive, creatures have used their own ways, and some of them evolved and others extirpated. [[Dinosaurs|Dinosaur]] extirpated during the Cretaceous period because they could not adjust the environmental change, while [[cockroach|cockroaches]] survived during that period due to their great capacity to adapt the change of environment. However, there is a creature, which has a tougher capacity to survive than the cockroaches: a Deinococcus radiodurans. Cockroaches cannot resist against strong [[radioactivity]], but Deinococcus radiodurans can live well in dead bodies of cockroaches, which died by radioactivity. Over the past 2 billion years, it firmly survived in the most terrible conditions, so it is also called “Super Bug”. Its name, ‘Deinococcus radiodurans’ basically means one small particular bug, which can stand withstand radioactivity. Deinococcus radiodurans were not actually well-known, and there is no definition for it in the dictionary. After Guinness Book of Records titled it “World‘s toughest bacterium”, it has become very famous. After scientists found that D. radiodurans can purify the toxin of the nuclear wastes, and it automatically became the primary model of the study in [[science]].[http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Deinococcus_radiodurans.html][http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_02/deinococcus.shtml] |
== Anatomy == | == Anatomy == | ||
[[Image:Tetrads.jpg|thumb|250px|left|D. radiodurans photomicrograph showing the tetrad growth unit of this micrococcal eubacteria.]] | [[Image:Tetrads.jpg|thumb|250px|left|D. radiodurans photomicrograph showing the tetrad growth unit of this micrococcal eubacteria.]] | ||
| - | Deinococcus radiodurans | + | Deinococcus radiodurans are classified as Gram positive bacillus. However, unlike other Gram positive bacillus, it has the outer [[membrane]], which, other negative bacillus should have, and there is a big difference; its outer membrane does not have the heptose and A layer, which is all negative bacillus has. There is no study that has revealed its capacity. It has an absolute resistance against paper [[radioactivity]], ultraviolet, and the peroxide. Speaking of radioactivity, it is fatal for all creatures, because it destroys the dielectric substance of [[DNA]] strands.[http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Deinococcus_radiodurans.html] |
== The Study of Deinococcus Radiodurans Dielectric == | == The Study of Deinococcus Radiodurans Dielectric == | ||
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== Utility Value of D. Radiodurans== | == Utility Value of D. Radiodurans== | ||
| - | Deinococcus radiodurans | + | Deinococcus radiodurans are effectively being used to treat the cancel treatment. Many [[DNA]] try to recover their damaged parts when they become damaged, but when they fail to recover all of the pieces, some of them change to varieties, and most of them would develop to a cancel. Since D. radiodurans have a great ability to treat the cancel, scientists put spurs to use them effectively. |
| - | While, [[NASA]] and University of Maryland [[Biotechnology]] Institute (UMBI) studied together to verify the alien microbe theory, and they sent some microbes to the [[space]] which | + | While, [[NASA]] and University of Maryland [[Biotechnology]] Institute (UMBI) studied together to verify the alien microbe theory, and they sent some microbes to the [[space]] which was exposed to the state of vacuum and the sun’s ray. Some of them came back to the earth alive, especially. D. radiodurans, which was uninjured, while other creatures, which stayed alive even after they got back to the [[earth]], died sooner. This experiment provided to the [[scientist|scientists]] a clue that D. radiodurans are the only living thing that can survive under those conditions. If people have the capacity to resist against [[]]radioactivity same as D. radiodurans, then probably people do not have to fear of the end of the [[earth]]. Some day, even if humans exterminated, D radiodurans would not be exterminated. |
John Travis spoke a hopeful mention, “Radiation-resistant [[bacteria]] may clean up the nation‘s worst waste side.” It implies that people have a responsibility to turn over the clean earth by preserving it.[http://blog.naver.com/wjh4339/60009211437] | John Travis spoke a hopeful mention, “Radiation-resistant [[bacteria]] may clean up the nation‘s worst waste side.” It implies that people have a responsibility to turn over the clean earth by preserving it.[http://blog.naver.com/wjh4339/60009211437] | ||
== Ecology and Discovery == | == Ecology and Discovery == | ||
[[Image:Afm bacteria.jpg|thumb|250px|left|This image is an in vivo non-contact AFM image of the hexagonnally close-packed intermediate (HPI) s-layer of Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation tolerant bacteria.]] | [[Image:Afm bacteria.jpg|thumb|250px|left|This image is an in vivo non-contact AFM image of the hexagonnally close-packed intermediate (HPI) s-layer of Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation tolerant bacteria.]] | ||
| - | In 1950s, the [[radioactivity]] test was used for protecting [[food]]. On that experiment, the scientists used the radioactivity, and they discovered a bug, which recovers its [[DNA]] in only one day. After they got | + | In the 1950s, the [[radioactivity]] test was used for protecting [[food]]. On that experiment, the scientists used the radioactivity, and they discovered a bug, which recovers its [[DNA]] in only one day. After they got interested in that [[microorganism]], they prepared several canned meats, and checked the radioactivity: The meats were still rotting, and all of other microbes were completely destroyed, except one microorganism, which is known as deinococcus radiodurans. Afterward, deinococcus radiodurans has been found in some weird places such as Dry Valleys in the South Pole, lake where living things cannot be existed due to the supersaturation of cesium, or in the [[rock|rocks]] at the North Pole, which have very strong ultraviolet rays. All these places are unlivable places for people or other creatures.[http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/13/6/1030][http://blog.naver.com/wjh4339/60009211437] |
== Video == | == Video == | ||
Revision as of 23:11, 10 March 2009
Please do not edit the article until this banner is removed.
| Deinococcus radiodurans |
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| Scientific Classification |
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| Binomial Name |
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Deinococcus radiodurans |
| Photomicrograph of Deinococcus radiodurans |
Contents |
Introduction
The mere existence of D. radiodurans suggests that almost anything is possible.[1]
The environment experienced so many variations through the beginning of time. In order to survive, creatures have used their own ways, and some of them evolved and others extirpated. Dinosaur extirpated during the Cretaceous period because they could not adjust the environmental change, while cockroaches survived during that period due to their great capacity to adapt the change of environment. However, there is a creature, which has a tougher capacity to survive than the cockroaches: a Deinococcus radiodurans. Cockroaches cannot resist against strong radioactivity, but Deinococcus radiodurans can live well in dead bodies of cockroaches, which died by radioactivity. Over the past 2 billion years, it firmly survived in the most terrible conditions, so it is also called “Super Bug”. Its name, ‘Deinococcus radiodurans’ basically means one small particular bug, which can stand withstand radioactivity. Deinococcus radiodurans were not actually well-known, and there is no definition for it in the dictionary. After Guinness Book of Records titled it “World‘s toughest bacterium”, it has become very famous. After scientists found that D. radiodurans can purify the toxin of the nuclear wastes, and it automatically became the primary model of the study in science.[2][3]
Anatomy
Deinococcus radiodurans are classified as Gram positive bacillus. However, unlike other Gram positive bacillus, it has the outer membrane, which, other negative bacillus should have, and there is a big difference; its outer membrane does not have the heptose and A layer, which is all negative bacillus has. There is no study that has revealed its capacity. It has an absolute resistance against paper radioactivity, ultraviolet, and the peroxide. Speaking of radioactivity, it is fatal for all creatures, because it destroys the dielectric substance of DNA strands.[4]
The Study of Deinococcus Radiodurans Dielectric
| molecule | length | average ORF length(bp) | protein coding regions | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chromosomeⅠ | 2,648,638 | 913 | 90.8% | 67.0% |
| chromosome Ⅱ | 412,348 | 1,044 | 93.5% | 66.7% |
| megaplasmid | 177,499 | 1,100 | 90.4% | 63.2% |
| plasmid | 45,704 | 928 | 80.9% | 56.1% |
| All | 3,284,156 | 937 | 90.9% | 66.6% |
Utility Value of D. Radiodurans
Deinococcus radiodurans are effectively being used to treat the cancel treatment. Many DNA try to recover their damaged parts when they become damaged, but when they fail to recover all of the pieces, some of them change to varieties, and most of them would develop to a cancel. Since D. radiodurans have a great ability to treat the cancel, scientists put spurs to use them effectively. While, NASA and University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI) studied together to verify the alien microbe theory, and they sent some microbes to the space which was exposed to the state of vacuum and the sun’s ray. Some of them came back to the earth alive, especially. D. radiodurans, which was uninjured, while other creatures, which stayed alive even after they got back to the earth, died sooner. This experiment provided to the scientists a clue that D. radiodurans are the only living thing that can survive under those conditions. If people have the capacity to resist against [[]]radioactivity same as D. radiodurans, then probably people do not have to fear of the end of the earth. Some day, even if humans exterminated, D radiodurans would not be exterminated. John Travis spoke a hopeful mention, “Radiation-resistant bacteria may clean up the nation‘s worst waste side.” It implies that people have a responsibility to turn over the clean earth by preserving it.[6]
Ecology and Discovery
In the 1950s, the radioactivity test was used for protecting food. On that experiment, the scientists used the radioactivity, and they discovered a bug, which recovers its DNA in only one day. After they got interested in that microorganism, they prepared several canned meats, and checked the radioactivity: The meats were still rotting, and all of other microbes were completely destroyed, except one microorganism, which is known as deinococcus radiodurans. Afterward, deinococcus radiodurans has been found in some weird places such as Dry Valleys in the South Pole, lake where living things cannot be existed due to the supersaturation of cesium, or in the rocks at the North Pole, which have very strong ultraviolet rays. All these places are unlivable places for people or other creatures.[7][8]
Video
This microorganism is not D. radiodurans, but it shows the movement of D. radiodurans; this microoraganism in this vedeo is basically same as D. radiodurans.
 Browse |
References
- Sarah E. DeWeerdt The World’s Toughest Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans may be a tool for cleaning up toxic waste and more Genome News Network, July 5, 2002
- Bacteria Genomes - DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS European Bioinformatics Institute
- Hwa Young Lee, Yoon Young Jang 슈퍼 버그: 생존의 한계에 도전하다! - Deinococcus radiodurans Naval Blog, Jan. 12, 2005
- K. L. Krabbenhoft1, A. W. Anderson and P. R. Elliker Ecology of Micrococcus radiodurans Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Appl Environ Microbiol. November, 1965
External links
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Deinococcus radiodurans
- Science Vol.286: 1571-1577 (1999)
- Nature Biotechnology Oct. 1998
See Also
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