Hydrochloric acid

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Hydrochloric acid
General
Systematic name	Hydrochloric acid
Other names	Muriatic acid, Spirit of salt
Molecular formula	HCl in water (H2O)
Molar mass	36.46 g/mol (HCl)
Appearance	Clear colorless to light-yellow liquid
CAS number	[7647-01-0]
Properties
Solubility in water	Miscible
Melting point	−26 °C299.15 K 78.8 °F 538.47 °R (247 K)38% solution.
Boiling point	110 °C383.15 K 230 °F 689.67 °R (383 K), 20.2% solution 48 °C321.15 K 118.4 °F 578.07 °R (321 K), 38% solution.
Acidity (pKa)	-8.0
Viscosity	31.5% solution cP 1.9 mPa·s at 25 °C
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	corrosive
NFPA 704	0 3 4
Flash point	Non-flammable
R/S statement	R: R34, R37 S: S26, S36, S45
RTECS number	MW4025000
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	HF, HBr, HI
Related acids	Hydrobromic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydroiodic acid Sulfuric acid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Disclaimer and references

Hydrochloric acid is firm acid. Due to its corrosive property. people must be careful when handling hydrochloric acid. It can cause a serious injury if it touches the skin; it destroys the skin cells.[1] It is generally known as a dangerous matter, but it's also the most frequently used, such as when combining mixtures or compounds. It's one of the most important compounds or matter even if its hazardous. If people swallow or drink it, then it can cause even a death. So it's not only one of the most important compounds but also one of the most perilous that exists. When people (especially students) use it, goggles, rubber gloves, an apron, and even boots must be worn because it can make you blind. [2]

the followings are common names of hydrochloric acid

• muriatic acid (pertaining to brine or salt)
• marine acid air
• Spirits of Salt
• acidum salis

[3]

Contents 1 Properties 2 Occurrences 3 Uses 4 Health Hazard 5 History 6 References 7 See Also

Properties

The physical properties may vary depending on the molarity of HCl or the concentration in the acid solution. Since it has the property of corrosion, people should not even touch them without professionals watching.[4] The percent of hydrogen chloride (not included acid) is between 33 - 40 percents of hazard which still has a risk. Water has 60 to 67 percents of hazard.[5]

Occurrences

It is made when hydrogen chloride combines with a water molecule. Also when chlorine and hydrogen are combined directly, and when hydrogen chloride is made, it is absorbed in water, this is called hydrogenchloride acid. Recently, it is made by absorbing water because when organic compound responds as a chlorine chemical reaction, it becomes a secondary. [6] The cells of hydrochloric acid have a huge secretory network.[7]

Uses

Hydrochloric acid can be combined with chlorides when making a product. It's used when people clean metals[8], since it's so acrid. It's also used to neutralize the basic systems.[9] Hydrochloric acid is used for various industrial items due to its firm property. Since its property is so strong that can even corrode, or destroy the cells, it is used for professionally cleaning such as in a building, leather, and a household. Also it can break rocks down, so hydrochloric acid can be used when people get oil. Hydrochloric acid is basically used for the chemical reaction such as neutralization, replacing, or pickling. It's now selling in England for cleaning.

Health Hazard

Hydrochloric acid is really corrosive,[10] so that it can cause a serious injury to people to their skin, or eyes. If people breathe in hydrochloric acid, they will cough and will suffer from the state of being hoarsened, also the respiratory system can be hurt as well.[11] If people drink it or if hydrochloric acid is exposed into people's body, they will be injured with some grave conditions such as vomiting, nausea, stomach, diarrhoea, or esophagus. If hydrochloric acid covers on the skin, a scar will be remained on the skin, there will be a huge burn. If it is swallowed, it will start hurt people from their tongue. So people have to be fully equipped. Also hydrochloric acid should be enclosed in a container when it's not used. The condition of hydrochloric acid should be cool(avoid heat), as well as not to be in sunlight. After the container is washed, it should not be used at all except for hydrochloric acid. Also the container should be strong enough not to be effected by the corrosive properties. [12] [13]

History

Around 800 AD, the alchemist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, one of the greatest chemists discovered hydrochloric acid.

[14]

References

• Hydrochloric acid Wikipedia
• Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride) Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web Site, US Environmental Protection Agency
• HYDROCHLORIC ACID, 33 - 40% MSDS, jtbaker
• hydrochloric acid OXY
• hydrochloric acid Yahoo Encyclopedia
• Hydrogenchloride Headlice
• hydrochloric acid Palimpsest.stanford
• Hydrochloric acid Medline Plus

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See Also

• Chemistry