Hydrazine

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Hydrazine

General
Systematic name	Hydrazine
Molecular formula	N₂H₄
Molar mass	32.05 g/mol
Appearance	Colourless liquid
CAS number	[302-01-2]
Properties
Density and phase	1.01 g/cm³, (liquid)
Solubility in water	infinitely miscible
Other Solvents	miscible with polar organic solvents
Melting point	1°C (274 K)
Boiling point	114°C (387 K)
Viscosity	.9 cP at 25°C
Structure
Molecular shape	pyramidal at N
Dipole moment	1.85 D D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	Toxic, causes burns.
NFPA 704	3 3 3
Flash point	37.78°C (closed cup)
R/S statement	R: R: 45-10-23/24/25-34-43-50/53 S: S: 53-45-60-61
RTECS number	MU7175000
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, ε_r, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.47
Related compounds
Related Hydrides	Hydrogen peroxide
Related compounds	ammonia monomethylhydrazine dimethylhydrazine phenylhydrazine
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Disclaimer and references

Hydrazine is a great compound that has many uses such as rocket fuel and a powerful reducing agent. Hydrazine is a very helpful compound that can be used for many things. Hydrazine is also very toxic and unstable, without cautious and careful handling of this substance, bad things could occur. When in contact with Hydrazine, it may cause irritation in many places and other horrible things such as coma, in humans, and seizures.

1 Properties
2 Occurrences
- 2.1 Natural Occurrences
- 2.2 Synthetic Occurrences
3 Uses
4 References
5 See Also

Properties

Hydrazine is a similar compound to that of Ammonia, thus having similar chemical and physical properties. Hydrazine is so similar to ammonia because it is actually made up of two ammonia molecules. Two ammonia molecules combine and lose one hydrogen atom, per molecule, to form a Hydrazine molecule.

Anhydrous Hydrazine is highly polar and combustible substance. The combustion of Hydrazine decomposes into its original components such as Ammonia and leftover hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. Porous substances that come in contact with Hydrazine may have a spontaneous reaction leading it to ignite in the air. Some of these similar types of reactions, including Hydrazine, may have an explosive outcome.

More Physical and chemical properties can be found in the column on the right of the page.

Occurrences

When it comes to Hydrazine, occurrences are a rare find. Hydrazine supposedly has occurred naturally in a few places, but these are just assumptions.

Natural Occurrences

In 1974, a tobacco company reported that Hydrazine was created through a one of their nitrogen based processes. Later studies showed that Hydrazine may occur naturally in biological nitrogen fixation. Even though natural occurrences of hydrazine are scarce, hydrazine can be derived from many compounds, some are even natural. Some include: gyromitrin, iproniazid, hydralazine, phenelzine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and phenylhydrazine. All of these can be a form or transformed into a hydrazine molecule. For instance, gyromitrin comes from a widely produced mushroom species that can be metabolized into a form of hydrazine. Phenylhydrazine, in fact, was the first hydrazine that was discovered.

Synthetic Occurrences

In 1889, Theodor Curtius synthesized the first Hydrazine compound through the use of a continous circuit. Hydrazine is produced in a process called the "Olin Raschig process", through the use of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia, this process was developed in 1907. This method relies on the fact that chloramine will react with ammonia.

Hydrazine can also be produced through a couple steps of synthesizing acetone.

Uses

Hydrazine is a extremely powerful reducing agent. This is just one of many purposes this particular substance has. Others include: rocket fuel, help produce spandex fibers, blowing agent, solder, fluxes, and photographic developers. In the beginning of World War II, Hydrazine was starting to be used in rocket fuel. Hydrazine is also used in single propelled boosters on the side of the aircraft.

Hydrazine is also a keystone in finding and producing heterocyclic compounds.