Demosponge
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
| Demosponge |
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| Scientific Classification |
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| Order |
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Subclass Homoscleromorpha Subclass Tetractinomorpha Subclass Ceractinomorpha |
The Demosponges are simple, multicellular animals in the Phylum Porifera. Like other spond have lots of orders in sponge class. Also, They are first multicellular creatures that developed on Earth. All demosponges are marine dwellers, but some demosponges live in fresh water. The demosponges have pores which are to get water inside of the demosponge. The demosponges have spicules which make skeletons. The spicules are made by archaeocytes, that are move around within the walls of the demosponges. [1]
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Anatomy
Demosponges are tissue-only organisms, but have specialized and cells that perfom many of the functions accomplished by organs inother multicellular animals (osculum, pores, choanocytes, spicules, archaeocytes, and epidermal cells). The osculum is a large opening used for passing water from the central cavity.[2] Archaeocytes are amoeboid cells within the mesophyl that are involved in processing food and transporting it to other cells. Choanocytes (also called the collar cells) are flagellated cells located on the inside of the sponge. In addition to pulling water through the sponge using the flagellum, the choanocytes catch nutrients and oxygen from flowing water. Epidermal cells are the layer of cells that covers the surface of the demosponges. It’s shape is thin and flat and protect the sponge externally. Spicules are a spike shape structures in the mesophyl that provide structural support and protection from predation. [3]
Reproduction
All demosponges are hermaphroditic. Demosponge can reproduce both asexual and sexual. Most demosponge that reproduce use sexual that produce eggs or sperm. The sperm are broadcast into the water. And sperm swims through the water and finds other demosponges. The sperm are captured by female demosponges. Then sperm changes to eggs from special cells which is archaeocytes.the sperm grows inside the parent demosponge until it becomes a larva.[4] When some demosponge release their larvae, they settle and develop into juvenile sponges. When demosponge reproduce asexually, they are produce buds or gemmules, and then that develop adult demosponges. That doesn’t contain genes from parents. [5]
Ecology
Many demosponges important in benthic marine communities. Particularly coral reefs. Many demosponges form symbiotic relationships with diverse microbes like bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. These microbes often comprise as much as 40% of the sponge volume. Demosponges are included the animal kingdom's also demosponges are prolific producers. So the compounds are of microbial rather than demosponge origin. Also demosponges provide habitats for marine animals like snails, sea stars, and the shrimp. The demosponges important members of benthic marine communities becuase they supplied nutrition to the other organisms such as corals. [6]
Other
The demosponges are filter feeders. They circulate water using the beating of flagella. These flagellate cells (known as coanocytes) capture bacteria and smaller organic matter. [7]. In addition the demosponges rely on the water movement for body functions like respiration circulation, and excretion. They can capture oxygen from the water, and also release carbon dioxide and other wastes, like ammonia. [8]
Gallery
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References
- demosponge WikipediaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- ecology of marine spongeMike Taylor, Regina Radax, Doris Steger, Kristin Bergauer
- class of Demospongiae Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. * S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web
- Branches on the Tree of Life: Sponges Written and photographed by David Denning
- Porifera: Life History and Ecology Allen G. Collins, Historical Zoologist
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