Chlorine
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
| Chlorine | |||||||||||||||||||
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| General Info | |||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Symbol | Cl | ||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Number | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Weight | 35.453 g/mol35.453 amu | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | Halogens | ||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | greenish yellow,or yellowish green 
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| Group, Period, Block | 17,3,p | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Ne]3s23p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,7 
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| CAS number | [7782-50-5] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Phase | |||||||||||||||||||
| Density | g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | warning.png“” is no number. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | warning.png“” is no number. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of Chlorine | |||||||||||||||||||
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| All properties are for STP unless otherwise stated. | |||||||||||||||||||
Chlorine is one of the elements that has the atomic number 17, and the symbol Cl. There is plenty of chlorine in nature. When chlorine is in the form of gas, its color becomes greenish yellow, and the weight increases as heavy as half of air. Chlorine gas has suffocating odor and very poisonous to every living thing. It is perhaps best know for its powerful disinfecting activity.[1]
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Properties
Chlorine is usually found combined in nature because of its reactivity. It is ready to use commercially by passing electricity through a water solution of sodium chloride or through molten sodium chloride. Chlorine gases are made up of diatomic molecules, as the formula C-12. The gas can be smelled in the air at a 3 parts per million(ppm), and it is irritating to the nose, mouth, and lungs. Thus, it cause throat irritation at 15 ppm, coughing at 30 ppm, and cause deadly effect after a few deep breaths at 1,000 ppm.
Chlorine gas is easy to liquefy in water, and occur chemical reaction, that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), plus some unreacted C-12. That is called chlorine water and it is killing germs in water or to bleach papers and fabrics. Chlorinated hydrocarbons have had some of their hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. A variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides. One of the earliest to be used was DDT, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane. However, it caused serious environmental problems, it is not use as much as before in the United States. Other chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as pesticides in the farms, but all of these compounds are very stable so they are becoming a serious problem. [2]
Occurrences
Chlorine is abundant in lithosphere, and it is estimated to be about 0.045%. Its strong chemical affinity for the other elements, it never occurs in the free state, except as a minor organization of the gaseous output from volcanic eruptions. Chlorine is consisted by the most common minerals; rock salt or halite(NaCl), sylvite(KCl) and carnallite(MgCl12.KCl.6H20).
Chlorine salts liquefy in the hydrosphere instead of being spread out in the lithosphere. NaCl, sodium chloride is the most common element of alkali metals in the hydrosphere as well as in the lithosphere. Thus, it's named common salt. The average concentration in seawater is approximately 2,6%. Table salt plays on irreplaceable function in human diet and the uneven distribution of its deposits over the earth's crust has played an original role in conditioning the pattern of civilization in time and space.
Uses
Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking (pulmonary) agent. Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. Chlorine is one of the most important element for manufacturing. It is used in the production of textile processing, petroleum products, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides, food, solvents, paints, plastics, and many other consumer products. Chlorine is also used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with other cleaning agents. It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage. [3] [4]
History
In 1774, Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovered Chlorine. Scheels thought that chlorine was an oxide of murium, or hydrochloric acid. Scheeles experienced to heat manganese dioxide and hydrochloric acid. From this experiment he discovered greenish, yellow gas, called chlorine. However, Scheeles did not place chlorine as an element. In 1810, Humphrey Davy named chlorine and established it as an element. It was named after the Greek word chloros, which means pale green.
Word War I
Chlorine was first introduced as a weapon during the World War I by the Germans on April 22, 1915. Even chlorine weapon failed because they were not invented well, but some of chlorine are more dangerous than others. It is alleged that Haber's role in the use of chlorine as a deadly weapon drove his wife, Clara Immerwahr, to suicide. After its first use, chlorine was utilized by both sides as a chemical weapon, but it was soon replaced by the more deadly gases phosgene and mustard gas.
Iraq War
Chlorine gas was also used in the Iraq War as a chemical weapon to the local population and coalition forces fearfully.
For examples, on March 17, 2007, three chlorine filled trucks were bombed in the Anbar province, killing 2 and sickening over 350 people. Other chlorine bomb caused more than 30 people dying. The force of the explosions caused a lot of people to die instead of toxic gases. The toxic gases from chlorine dispersed in the atmosphere by the blast. The spread out of chlorine gases resulted widespread panic, which is essential for providing safe drinking water for the population.
[5][6]
Gallery of Chlorides
 Bimuth Chloride - BiCl3. |
 Tin Chloride - SnCl2. |
 Potassium Chloride - KCl. |
 Aluminum Chloride - AlCl3. |
 Carbon Chloride - CoCl2 |
 Ammonium Chloride - NH4Cl. |
 Manganese Chloride - MnCl2 |
 Copper Chloride - CuCl2 |
 Nickel Chloride - NiCl2 |
 Palladium Chloride - PdCl2 |
 Sodium Chloride - NaCl |
 Silver Chloride - AgCl |
 Iron Chloride - FeCl 3 |
 Calcium Chloride - CaCl2 |
Related References
- Chlorine Chlorine Wikipedia
- chlorine Chlorine
- chlorine CDC
- history of chlorine The History of Chlorine
- the Periodic Table from the Chemistry text book
- HistoryScolar Education
- Chlorine Environmental Chemistry
- Property Lenntech
See Also
| Atomic number | 17 + |
| Atomic symbol | Cl + |
| Atomic weight | 35.453 g/mol (35.453 amu) + |
| Boiling point | warning.png“” is no number. |
| Melting point | warning.png“” is no number. |
