Caffeine

From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science

Caffeine
General
Systematic name	1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine- 2,6(3H,7H)-dione
Other names	Coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, methyltheobromine
Molecular formula	C8H10N4O2
SMILES	C[n]1cnc2N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)c12
Molar mass	194.2 g/mol194.2 amu
Appearance	When pure, a oderless white powder.
CAS number	[58-08-2]
Properties
Density and phase	1.2 g/cm3, ?
Solubility in water	22 mg•mL−1 (25 °C) 180 mg•mL−1 (80 °C) 670 mg•mL−1 (100 °C)
Melting point	237°C (? K)
Boiling point	178°C451.15 K 352.4 °F 812.07 °R
	Basicity (pKb)	0.8
Structure
Molecular shape
Coordination geometry
Crystal structure
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	MSDS Data
Main hazards	May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin
	Flash point	N/A
R/S statement	R: 22 S: ?
RTECS number	EV6495400
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Disclaimer and references

Caffeine is a white powder that is a stimulant and is used in many different foods and beverages. In the U.S., 90% of adults consume caffeine every day. [1]It can have both positive and negative effects on people. It is sometimes used in medicine, and it can also be addictive.

Contents 1 Properties 2 Occurrences 3 Uses 4 Effects on Health 5 References 6 See Also

Properties

Caffeine is a plant alkaloid and is found in many different plants. As a plant, it acts as a pesticide does.[2]. The most common caffeine containing plants are: tea, coffee, cocoa, and guarana. When caffeine is metabolized into the liver, it splits into three different parts. 84 percent of it is paraxanthine, 12 percent is theobromine, 4 percent is theophylline. [3].

Occurrences

Caffeine can be found in many of our foods and drinks that we eat today. One of the most common sources of caffeine is in coffee plants. This is the world's largest and most popular source of caffeine. It is also found in guarana plants and tea plants. Coffee is most commonly grown in Brazil and Columbia. [4].

Uses

Caffeine is used as a stimulant drug, analgesic, decongestant, and ingredients in food and drinks. [5] It is most commonly used in coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, energy drinks, and medical drugs. Caffeine can be used to treat ADHD, asthma, and some migraines. [6].

It can be taken orally, intravenously, rectally, or intramuscularly. [7].

Effects on Health

The health risks involved when you take too much caffeine are: upset stomach, nausea, insomnia, nervousness, headaches/ migraines, ulcers, twitching of the muscles, and emotional problems. If you take a lot regularly and suddenly stop, you may have withdrawal symptoms such as: dizziness, fast breathing, depression, confusion, chest pain, fatigue, and irritability. [8]. You can gain a tolerance to it if you consume it often.

Caffeine can effect your heart, memory, sleep, and concentration. You also shouldn't take too much caffeine if you are pregnant, because it could lead to miscarriage. [9]

The "lethal dosage" of caffeine depends on the person's weight and sensitivity to it. IT is estimated to be from 150 milligrams to 200 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. People normally don't die from drinking too much coffee, but die from overdosing on caffeine pills. [10]

The caffeine molecule is like adenosine. It doesn't let the adenosine reactors activate. This is what causes the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Caffeine can epinephrine and adrenaline. [11].

Caffeine intake can increase hunger, thus making it harder to loose weight. [12]

References

Caffeine uses and effects by BBC

Facts by Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation

Uses by Stanford edu

Health risks by Medicinenet

Info by wikipedia

Consumed by NewScientist

See Also

• Chemistry