Scopolamine

Scopolamine also known as hyoscine hydrobromide and scopolamine hydrobromide, is a very widely used drug to control motion sickness to being used to alter a tourists mind in Columbia. There are side affects like nausea and drowsiness. It is very harmful if overdosed on and you will have to go to the hospital. Its given in many forms to people.

Properties
Scoplamines mass is 303.353g/mol It is composed of 17 carbon atom, 21 hydrogen atom, one Nitrogen, and four Oxygen. The mass is 303.353 grams per mol. The solubility is 100000 mg per liter. The melting point is at 59 degrees Celsius and boiling point is at 460.3±45.0 degrees Celsius. The acidity is 7.75 at 25 degrees Celsius.

Administration
Scopolamine can be given orally (by use of pill), subcutaneously (Given a needle below the skin), ophthalmically (given by eyedrops) and intravenously (by needle in the vein), also by a transdermal patch (patch placed on your skin). The transdermal patch is used for prevention of nausea and motion sickness employs scopolamine base, and is effective for up to three days. The oral, ophthalmic, and intravenous forms have shorter half-lives and are usually found in the form scopolamine hydrobromide.

The NASA is currently developing a nasal administration method. With a precise dosage, the NASA spray has been illastrated to work faster and more reliably than the orally taken form.

Uses
Scopolamine is an anticholinergic medicine. Scopolamine has many effects in the body including decreasing the secretion of fluids, slowing the stomach and intestines, and dilation of the pupils.

Scopolamine is used to relieve nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and recovery from anesthesia and surgery. Scopolamine may also be used in the treatment of parkinsonism, spastic muscle states, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, and other conditions.

Scopolamine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

history


Scopolamine has been in use in its purified forms. It was first isolated by the German scientist Albert Ladenburg in 1880. Following the description of the structure and activity of scopolamine by Ladenburg, the search for synthetic analogues of and methods for total synthesis of scopolamine or atropine in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in the discovery of diphenhydramine, an early antihistamine and the prototype of its chemical subclass of these drugs, and pethidine, the first fully synthetic opioid analgesic, known as Dolatin and Demerol among many other names.

Scopolamine was used in conjunction with morphine, oxycodone, or other opioids. Scopolamine mixed with oxycodone (Eukodal) and ephedrine was marketed by Merckas and Scophedal starting in 1928.

Scopolamine was also one of the active ingredients in Asthmador, a smoking preparation marketed in the 1950s and 1960s saying it fights asthma and bronchitis. In November 1990, the US Food and Drug Administration forced OTC products with scopolamine and other ingredients that had not been proved effective off the market.

Video
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