Portugal


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Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country in the extreme southwest of Europe, located on the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Spain to the north and east; the North Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and also includes two archipelagos in the Atlantic: the Azores and Madeira. Its capital city is Lisbon.

History
Portugal has been continuously settled since ancient times. It was settled by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians who later were integrated into the Roman Republic and assimilated with the Roman conquerors. Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Alans, Buri, Vandals and the Visigoths later settled the region. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, who were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.