Talk:Antibiotic resistance

Parking original content for subsequent reinsertion. --Ashcraft - (reply) 19:45, 18 November 2015 (EST)

Antibiotic resistance or antimicrobial resistance is a form of drug resistance so that some sub-populations of a particular microorganism, most commonly one or more strains of bacteria are able to survive exposure to one or more antibiotics. This can be acquired via: transformation, conjugation, transduction and mutation. Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance. One of its mechanisms is bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact exchanging DNA that can add a new function to the recipient cell such as antibiotic resistance.

Approximately about 20 years after the first sale of penicillin a new discovery emerged: Antibiotic resistance. Resistance to antibiotics is considered an modern example of evolution in response to the widespread use of antibiotics but in a new report it was reported the discovery that resistance to antibiotics was already well built in organisms even before antibiotics were invented.

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Are known several ways of appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria :


 * Reduced drug accumulation by decreasing drug permeability.
 * Reduced drug accumulation by increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface.
 * Alteration of target site eliminating or reducing binding of antibiotic.
 * Enzymatic deactivation - Enzymes, that by modification, inactive the antibiotic. This can occur for Hydrolysis or Derivation.
 * Sequestration of antibiotic by protein binding.
 * Alteration of metabolic pathway - Metabolic bypass of inhibited reaction.
 * Binding of specific immunity protein to antibiotic.
 * '''Overproduction of antibiotic target (titration).